Table 2.
Participant characteristics at baseline.
| Characteristic | Pooled (N=1000) | Baseline HbA1c levela | |||
|
|
|
Elevated (n=447) | Slightly elevated (n=296) | Normal (n=257) | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 56.1 (15.7) | 54.8 (14.6) | 56.7 (16.9) | 57.9 (15.8) | |
| HbA1c (%), mean (SD) | 7.8 (2.1) | 9.6 (1.8) | 6.90 (0.3) | 5.68 (0.7) | |
| Weight (kg), mean (SD) | 89.6 (23.1) | 92.9 (24.0) | 88.2 (22.4) | 85.7 (21.8) | |
| Gender, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male | 401 (40.1) | 175 (39.1) | 124 (41.9) | 102 (39.7) |
|
|
Female | 593 (59.3) | 271 (60.6) | 171 (57.8) | 151 (58.8) |
|
|
Intersex | 6 (0.6) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.3) | 4 (1.6) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
White | 904 (90.4) | 409 (91.5) | 259 (87.5) | 236 (91.8) |
|
|
Indian/Pakistani | 36 (3.6) | 12 (2.7) | 16 (5.4) | 8 (3.1) |
|
|
Mixed/Multiple ethnic groups | 16 (1.6) | 6 (1.3) | 8 (2.7) | 2 (0.8) |
|
|
Chinese/Japanese/Other East Asian | 8 (0.8) | 3 (0.7) | 4 (1.4) | 1 (0.4) |
|
|
Black/African/Caribbean | 21 (2.1) | 10 (2.2) | 5 (1.7) | 6 (2.3) |
|
|
Unknown | 15 (1.5) | 7 (1.6) | 4 (1.4) | 4 (1.6) |
| Employment, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Full-time employment | 315 (31.5) | 171 (38.3) | 88 (29.7) | 56 (21.8) |
|
|
Part-time employment | 135 (13.5) | 61 (13.6) | 37 (12.5) | 37 (14.4) |
|
|
Retired | 480 (48.0) | 179 (40.0) | 154 (52.0) | 147 (57.2) |
|
|
Student | 7 (0.7) | 3 (7.4) | 2 (0.7) | 2 (0.8) |
|
|
Unemployment | 63 (6.3) | 33 (0.7) | 15 (5.1) | 15 (5.8) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hypertension | 397 (39.7) | 184 (41.2) | 109 (36.8) | 104 (40.5) |
|
|
High cholesterol | 350 (35.0) | 149 (33.3) | 105 (35.5) | 96 (37.4) |
| Medications in current use, n (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Insulin | 157 (15.7) | 102 (22.8) | 35 (11.8) | 20 (7.8) |
|
|
Metformin | 596 (59.6) | 301 (67.3) | 165 (55.7) | 130 (50.6) |
|
|
Other | 452 (45.2) | 305 (68.2) | 90 (30.4) | 57 (22.2) |
aElevated: baseline HbA1c ≥7.5%; slightly elevated: baseline HbA1c 6.5%-7.4%; normal: baseline HbA1c <6.5%.