Table 1. Expenditure on consumables under three methods of health-care financing before and after implementation of the results-based financing programme in Zambia, April 2012 to June 2014.

Group	Population in millions	Expenditure, US$			Expenditure per quarter per capita, US$
		Before programme (5 quarters)	After programme (9 quarters)		Before programme	After programme	Difference
Results-based financing	1.33	1 694 470	6 991 502		0.26	0.59	0.33
Input-based financing	1.26	3 097 135	8 489 457		0.50	0.77	0.27
Control	1.40	2 924 591	8 062 629		0.42	0.64	0.22

US$: United States dollars.

Notes: Results-based financing facilities received increased funding tied to performance on pre-agreed indicators; input-based financing facilities received increased funding not tied to performance; control facilities were under the usual funding system without additional financing in Zambia. There were 175, 173 and 175 primary health-care facilities in the results-based financing, input-based financing and control groups, respectively. Costs of consumables (e.g. drugs and supplies) were obtained from a data set compiled by Medical Stores Limited, the national pharmaceutical distribution hub, from January 2011 through June 2014.