Table 3. Multivariate Cox model analyses of prognostic factors of GBM.
| Variable | Hazard ratio | 95%CI | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Years of diagnosis | P<0.001 | ||
| 2000–2004 | 1 | Reference | |
| 2005–2008 | 0.783 | 0.743–0.826 | |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 1 | Reference | P<0.001 |
| Female | 0.906 | 0.859–0.954 | |
| Age | P<0.001 | ||
| <40 | 1 | Reference | |
| 41–60 | 2.036 | 1.840–2.254 | |
| >60 | 3.033 | 2.729–3.371 | |
| Race | P<0.001 | ||
| Caucasian | 1 | Reference | |
| African American | 1.025 | 0.908–1.158 | |
| Others* | 0.750 | 0.663–0.848 | |
| Primary site | P<0.001 | ||
| Cerebrum | 1 | Reference | |
| Frontal lobe | 0.996 | 0.861–1.151 | |
| Temporal lobe | 1.018 | 0.880–1.178 | |
| Parietal lobe | 0.953 | 0.821–1.107 | |
| Occipital lobe | 1.025 | 0.853–1.232 | |
| Ventricle, NOS | 1.268 | 0.848–1.898 | |
| Cerebellum, NOS | 1.044 | 0.719–1.516 | |
| Brain stem | 1.518 | 1.023–2.254 | |
| Overlapping lesion of brain | 0.983 | 0.847–1.141 | |
| Brain, NOS | 0.787 | 0.667–0.929 | |
| Pathological grading | 0.178 | ||
| High/Moderate | 1 | Reference | |
| Poor/UD | 1.418 | 0.912–2.205 | |
| Unknown | 1.454 | 0.935–2.259 | |
| Stage | P<0.001 | ||
| Localized | 1 | Reference | |
| Regional | 1.568 | 1.465–1.678 | |
| Distant | 1.580 | 1.238–2.017 | |
| Unstaged | 0.988 | 0.865–1.129 | |
| Tumor size | P<0.001 | ||
| <3 cm | 1 | Reference | |
| 3–5 cm | 1.029 | 0.946–1.119 | |
| >5 cm | 1.145 | 1.046–1.253 | |
| Not stated | 1.158 | 1.056–1.269 |
*
including other (American Indian/AK Native, Asian/Pacific Islander) and unknowns.