Table 1.
Comparison of demographic, mental health, and smoking characteristics by diagnostic group.
| Variable | Total (n=1,787) | No MHC (n=1,566) | BD (n=221) | AD (n=783) | Overall p-value (Baseline) | Bipolar vs No MHC | Bipolar vs AD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age | 46.2 (13.3) | 47.0 (13.4) | 40.3 (12.6) | 46.0 (13.0) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Male | 517 (20%) | 362 (23%) | 37 (17%) | 118 (15%) | <0.0001 | 0.062 | 0.616 |
| Caucasian | 1865 (73%) | 1115 (71%) | 144 (65%) | 606 (77%) | 0.0002 | 0.078 | 0.001 |
| Hispanic | 217 (8%) | 130 (8%) | 25 (11%) | 62 (8%) | 0.263 | ||
| Married | 967 (38%) | 628 (40%) | 61 (28%) | 278 (36%) | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.035 |
| Working / | 1342 (52%) | 926 (59%) | 78 (35%) | 338 (43%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.043 |
| HS or less education | 716 (28%) | 415 (27%) | 75 (34%) | 226 (29%) | 0.053 | ||
| LGB | 244 (9%) | 122 (8%) | 47 (21%) | 75 (10%) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Mental Health | |||||||
| Current depression symptoms (CES-D ≥ 16) | 1435 (56%), N=2556 | 666 (43%), n=1555 | 190 (86%), n=220 | 579 (74%), n=781 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.001 |
| Current anxiety symptoms (GAD ≥ 10) | 889 (35%), n=2557 | 373 (24%), n=1559 | 145 (66%), n=219 | 371 (48%), n=779 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Current panic disorder symptoms (positive screen on ANSQ) | 1125 (49%), n=2307 | 507 (37%), n=1375 | 144 (71%), n=204 | 474 (65%), n=728 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.168 |
| Current PTSD symptoms (PCL-6 ≥ 14) | 1347 (53%), n=2561 | 620 (40%), n=1559 | 183 (83%), n=220 | 544 (70%), n=782 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.001 |
| Current social anxiety symptoms (mini-SPIN ≥ 6) | 781 (30%), n=2563 | 342 (22%), n=1561 | 111 (50%), n=221 | 328 (42%), n=781 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.036 |
| Heavy drinker | 263 (10%), n=2511 | 153 (10%), n=1526 | 23 (11%), n=215 | 87 (11%), n=770 | 0.639 | ||
| Smoking Behavior | |||||||
| Nicotine dependence severity (FTND score) | 5.6 (2.2) | 5.5 (2.2) | 6.3 (2.1) | 5.7 (2.2) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.001 |
| Smokes more than one pack per day | 851 (33%) | 505 (32%) | 84 (38%) | 262 (33%) | 0.227 | ||
| Used e-cigarettes at least once in past month | 888 (35%) | 523 (33%) | 82 (37%) | 283 (36%) | 0.296 | ||
| Quit attempts in past 12 months | 1.7 (5.0), n=2450 | 1.7 (5.3), n=1490 | 1.3 (3.0), n=212 | 1.7 (5.0), n=748 | 0.609 | ||
| Commitment to quitting (CQSS score) | 4.0 (0.8), n=2562 | 4.1 (0.7), n=1561 | 4.0 (0.9), n=219 | 3.9 (0.8), n=782 | <0.0001 | 0.380 | 0.280 |
| Acceptance of physical triggers (AIS score) | 2.9 (0.5), n=2536 | 3.0 (0.5), n=1541 | 2.8 (0.4), n=218 | 2.9 (0.5), n=777 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.088 |
| Friend & Partner Smoking | |||||||
| Close friends who smoke | 2.2 (1.6) | 2.0 (1.6) | 2.7 (1.8) | 2.3 (1.7) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.010 |
| Number of adults in home who smoke | 1.5 (0.8) | 1.4 (0.8) | 1.6 (0.9) | 1.5 (0.8) | 0.022 | 0.018 | 0.114 |
| Living with partner who smokes | 757 (29%) | 464 (30%) | 75 (34%) | 218 (28%) | 0.208 |
Note: Values in table are M (SD) or n (%). P-values are based on chi-square tests for categorical variables and ANOVA for continuous variables. For pairwise comparisons between no MHC, BD, and other AD groups, we used Tukey’s HSD for continuous variables and p-value adjustment controlling the false discovery rate for categorical variables. MHC=mental health condition; BD=bipolar disorder; AD=(other) affective disorder; HS=high school; LGB=lesbian, gay, or bisexual; PTSD=posttraumatic stress disorder; FTND=Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence; CQSS=Commitment to Quitting Smoking Scale; AIS=Avoidance and Inflexibility Scale.