Table 4.
Infant Developmental and Behavioral Outcomes by Study Group (N=93)
| Infant Outcomes | PAE (n=39) | No-PAE (n=54) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p | |
| BSID-III: Cognitive | 102.4 ± 7.5 | 101.3 ± 9.3 | 0.558 |
| BSID-III: Language | 101.1 ± 6.7 | 99.7 ± 7.1 | 0.337 |
| BSID-III: Motor | 97.0 ± 11.2 | 96.4 ± 11.9 | 0.821 |
| Parenting Stress Index: | |||
| Parent-child dysfunctional interaction % | 36.6 ± 28.1 | 24.0 ± 19.7 | 0.019 |
| Parental distress % | 37.8 ± 26.6 | 31.3 ± 30.1 | 0.285 |
| Difficult child % | 30.1 ± 25.9 | 17.6 ± 17.7 | 0.011 |
| Total stress % | 32.5 ± 26.2 | 19.6 ± 19.1 | 0.011 |
| Infant Behavior Questionnaire: | |||
| Surgency | 65.9 ± 10.4 | 61.7 ± 11.7 | 0.081 |
| Negative affect | 50.8 ± 11.9 | 43.5 ± 13.9 | 0.011 |
| Effortful control | 65.9 ± 8.6 | 65.1 ± 9.9 | 0.717 |
| Infant Sensory Profile: | |||
| Low registration performance | n (%) | n (%) | 0.184 |
| Less than others | 5 (13.5) | 16 (30.8) | |
| Typical performance | 22 (59.5) | 25 (48.1) | |
| More than others | 10 (27.0) | 11 (21.2) | |
| Sensation seeking performance | 0.826 | ||
| Less than others | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Typical performance | 24 (64.9) | 32 (61.5) | |
| More than others | 13 (35.1) | 20 (38.5) | |
| Sensory sensitivity performance | 0.168 | ||
| Less than others | 2 (5.4) | 2 (3.9) | |
| Typical performance | 21 (56.8) | 39 (75.0) | |
| More than others | 14 (37.8) | 11 (21.2) | |
| Sensation avoiding performance | 0.436 | ||
| Less than others | 4 (10.8) | 2 (3.9) | |
| Typical performance | 25 (67.6) | 40 (76.9) | |
| More than others | 8 (21.6) | 10 (19.2) |
BSID, Bayley Scales of Infant Development –III