Table 3.
Parameter estimates from GEE models for medical, mental health, and substance use status
| Variable | Medical | Mental health | Substance use severity |
| Intercept | -0.22 (-0.42, -0.02) | 0.22 (-0.06, 0.50) | 0.76 (0.53, 0.98) |
| Latent class | |||
| Methamphetamine | -0.18 (-0.28, -0.07) | -0.24 (-0.39, -0.10) | -0.70 (-0.85, -0.55) |
| Crack cocaine | -0.23 (-0.35, -0.10) | -0.34 (-0.50, -0.18) | -0.64 (-0.80, -0.48) |
| Powder cocaine | -0.16 (-0.26, -0.05) | -0.34 (-0.48, -0.20) | -0.62 (-0.75, -0.48) |
| Time | |||
| Month 6 | 0.00 (-0.05, 0.05) | -0.02 (-0.07, 0.03) | -0.30 (-0.41, -0.19) |
| Month 12 | 0.01 (-0.05, 0.07) | -0.01 (-0.07, 0.05) | -0.27 (-0.41, -0.13) |
| Month 18 | 0.00 (-0.06, 0.06) | -0.02 (-0.08, 0.04) | -0.39 (-0.53, -0.24) |
| Month 24 | 0.01 (-0.05, 0.07) | -0.01 (-0.08, 0.05) | -0.36 (-0.51, -0.22) |
| Month 30 | 0.01 (-0.05, 0.07) | -0.01 (-0.07, 0.05) | -0.33 (-0.48, -0.18) |
| Month 36 | 0.00 (-0.06, 0.07) | 0.00 (-0.06, 0.07) | -0.29 (-0.43, -0.15) |
| Demographics | |||
| Male | -0.21 (-0.28, -0.14) | -0.26 (-0.35, -0.17) | 0.09 (0.01, 0.17) |
| White | 0.05 (-0.05, 0.15) | 0.05 (-0.09, 0.18) | -0.07 (-0.19, 0.05) |
| Age | 0.02 (0.01, 0.02) | 0.01 (0.00, 0.02) | -0.00 (-0.01, 0.00) |
| Not married | -0.05 (-0.13, 0.02) | -0.11 (-0.21, -0.01) | -0.01 (-0.10, 0.08) |
| High school graduate | -0.04 (-0.11, 0.03) | -0.09 (-0.19, 0.00) | -0.09 (-0.16, -0.02) |
| Employed | -0.12 (-0.19, -0.05) | -0.11 (-0.21, -0.01) | -0.05 (-0.13, 0.03) |
| Insured | 0.19 (0.11, 0.27) | 0.22 (0.11, 0.33) | -0.03 (-0.11, 0.05) |
| State | |||
| Arkansas | -0.25 (-0.36, -0.15) | -0.38 (-0.52, -0.24) | -0.06 (-0.18, 0.06) |
| Kentucky | -0.09 (-0.18, 0.00) | -0.06 (-0.19, 0.06) | -0.16 (-0.26, -0.05) |
Notes: Parameter estimates that are in bold indicate statistical significance. Medical status refers to number of medical conditions and physical ailments and their severity; mental health status refers to depression symptoms, emotional problems, and psychiatric distress severity; substance use severity refers to frequency of alcohol and drug use and meeting criteria for substance use disorders. Referent groups are Polysubstance class for latent class, baseline for time, and Ohio for state.
GEE = generalized estimating equation.