Figure 2.

Growth and product formation in anaerobic bioreactor cultures of metabolically engineered, non-evolved, d-xylose-metabolizing S. cerevisiae strains. Cultures were inoculated at a biomass concentration of 0.02 g L⁻¹ and, unless otherwise stated, were sparged with 0.5 vvm N₂. (A) Strain IMX975 (RWB217 (gre3Δ, RPE1↑, RKI1↑, TAL1↑, TKL1↑, XKS1↑, xylA (pAKX002), can1::Cas9)). (B) Strain IMU078 (gre3Δ, RPE1↑, RKI1↑, TAL1↑, TKL1↑, NQM1↑, TKL2↑, XKS1↑, xylA (pAKX002)) sparged with 0.5 vvm of a mixture of 0.1% CO₂ and 99.9% N₂. (C) Strain IMU078 grown in media containing l-aspartate as nitrogen source instead of ammonium sulfate. ● = d-Xylose; ▪ = Biomass; ■ = Glycerol; ○ = Ethanol; Δ = Acetate. The panels show data from single representative cultures from a set of two independent duplicate cultures for each strain. Data from replicate cultures are shown in Supplemental Fig. S1, Supporting Information.