TABLE 2.

Adjusted mean intakes and component scores of AHEI-2010 diet score by nativity and length of residency among non-Hispanic blacks: pooled NHANES 2003–2012¹

				Length of residency of foreign-born blacks
	US-born	Foreign-born		<10 y	10–19 y	20–29 y	≥30 y
	(n = 3911)	(n = 408)	P	(n = 108)	(n = 97)	(n = 87)	(n = 106)
Energy intake, kcal/d	2097 ± 18	1871 ± 48	<0.001	1774 ± 75	1891 ± 62	1973 ± 83	2043 ± 108
Total AHEI-2010 score2	35.9 ± 0.3	45.8 ± 0.9	<0.001	49.3 ± 1.6	44.4 ± 1.5*	45.9 ± 1.6	45.8 ± 1.8
Vegetables3
Servings/d	0.9 ± 0.02	1.2 ± 0.06	<0.001	1.2 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.2
Mean score	1.8 ± 0.03	2.4 ± 0.1	<0.001	2.4 ± 0.2	2.3 ± 0.2	2.2 ± 0.3	2.5 ± 0.3
Fruit 4
Servings/d	0.5 ± 0.02	0.8 ± 0.09	0.001	1.1 ± 0.2	0.8 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.1
Mean score	1.2 ± 0.04	2.0 ± 0.2	<0.001	2.6 ± 0.5	1.8 ± 0.3	1.7 ± 0.3	2.1 ± 0.4
Whole grains5
% of total grains	10.5 ± 0.4	20.4 ± 2.1	<0.001	26.9 ± 3.5	20.4 ± 2.7	18.0 ± 2.5*	17.8 ± 3.3*
Mean score	2.0 ± 0.06	3.6 ± 0.3	<0.001	4.5 ± 0.5	3.7 ± 0.4	3.4 ± 0.4*	3.3 ± 0.5
Sugar-sweetened beverages6
Servings/d	1.9 ± 0.05	1.2 ± 0.1	<0.001	1.0 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.1
Mean score	2.8 ± 0.1	4.8 ± 0.3	<0.001	5.1 ± 0.6	5.3 ± 0.4	5.4 ± 0.5	4.6 ± 0.5
Red/processed meat
Servings/d	2.4 ± 0.06	1.6 ± 0.1	<0.001	1.0 ± 0.2	1.5 ± 0.2*	1.6 ± 0.3*	1.5 ± 0.2*
Mean score	2.7 ± 0.1	4.8 ± 0.3	<0.001	6.2 ± 0.5	4.3 ± 0.5*	5.1 ± 0.5	4.4 ± 0.5*
Nut, legume, and vegetable
protein5
Ounce-equivalents/d	0.8 ± 0.03	1.2 ± 0.1	0.002	1.1 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.2	1.0 ± 0.2	1.7 ± 0.4
Mean score	3.6 ± 0.1	4.4 ± 0.3	0.008	4.0 ± 0.6	4.0 ± 0.5	4.7 ± 0.6	5.6 ± 0.7
Long-chain n–3 PUFAs
(EPA+DHA)
mg/d	126.6 ± 6.7	182.6 ± 16.6	0.001	226.7 ± 44.2	183.9 ± 28.0	125.2 ± 32.8	156.4 ± 29.6
Mean score	3.3 ± 0.1	4.4 ± 0.2	<0.001	4.6 ± 0.5	4.5 ± 0.4	4.0 ± 0.6	3.7 ± 0.3
Total PUFAs
% kcal/d	7.8 ± 0.07	6.6 ± 0.2	<0.001	6.0 ± 0.2	6.5 ± 0.2*	6.9 ± 0.3*	7.5 ± 0.4*
Mean score	6.8 ± 0.7	5.5 ± 0.2	<0.001	4.7 ± 0.2	5.5 ± 0.2*	6.0 ± 0.3**	6.5 ± 0.3**
Sodium7
mg/d	3339 ± 28	3248 ± 47	0.06	3002 ± 93	3048 ± 117	3130 ± 102	2861 ± 107
Mean score	5.0 ± 0.07	5.2 ± 0.1	0.110	5.6 ± 0.2	5.4 ± 0.3	5.5 ± 0.3	6.2 ± 0.3
Alcohol,8 drinks/d
Women	0.3 ± 0.03	0.3 ± 0.05	0.758	0.2 ± 0.1	0.1 ± 0.1	0.1 ± 0.1	0.3 ± 0.1
Men	0.9 ± 0.05	1.0 ± 0.1	0.736	0.4 ± 0.2	0.5 ± 0.2	0.9 ± 0.2	0.8 ± 0.2
Mean score	3.5 ± 0.05	3.7 ± 0.1	0.362	3.5 ± 0.3	3.4 ± 0.3	4.4 ± 0.3	3.8 ± 0.4

¹Values are means ± SEs, adjusted for age, sex, educational level, income-to-poverty ratio, smoking status, physical activity status, and energy intake. Adjusted means were obtained with the STATA margins command after running the adjusted regression models. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.001. For length of residency, P values are based on the reference category of <10 y. AHEI-2010, Alternative Healthy Eating Index–2010.

²Possible AHEI-2010 score is 0–100 points.

³All vegetables, except for white potatoes and juice.

⁴Includes only whole fruit, excluding fruit juice.

⁵Based on the USDA definition.

⁶Includes soda, fruit juice and fruit drinks, presweetened iced teas, sports drinks, and energy drinks.

⁷Sum of all sodium content of all foods.

⁸Includes wine, beer, and distilled spirits.