TABLE 3.

Adjusted mean intakes and component scores of the DASH diet score by nativity and length of residence among non-Hispanic blacks: pooled NHANES 2003–2012¹

				Length of residency of foreign-born blacks
	US-born	Foreign-born		<10 y	10–19 y	20–29 y	≥30 y
	(n = 3911)	(n = 408)	P	(n = 108)	(n = 97)	(n = 87)	(n = 106)
DASH diet score2	20.3 ± 0.1	23.4 ± 0.3	<0.001	24.7 ± 0.5	23.6 ± 0.5	23.4 ± 0.5	23.8 ± 0.6
Vegetables3
Servings/d	0.9 ± 0.02	1.2 ± 0.06	<0.001	1.2 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.1	1.1 ± 0.2	1.2 ± 0.2
Mean score	2.9 ± 0.03	3.3 ± 0.08	0.001	3.3 ± 0.1	3.3 ± 0.1	3.1 ± 0.2	3.2 ± 0.2
Fruit4
Servings/d	0.9 ± 0.02	1.5 ± 0.1	<0.001	1.9 ± 0.3	1.5 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.1	1.2 ± 0.2
Mean score	2.9 ± 0.03	3.5 ± 0.1	<0.001	3.8 ± 0.1	3.7 ± 0.2	3.4 ± 0.2*	3.3 ± 0.3
Whole grains5
Ounce-equivalents	0.6 ± 0.02	1.3 ± 0.1	<0.001	1.6 ± 0.3	1.4 ± 0.3	1.0 ± 0.2*	1.0 ± 0.2*
Mean score	2.7 ± 0.04	3.4 ± 0.1	<0.001	3.8 ± 0.2	3.4 ± 0.2	3.1 ± 0.2*	3.2 ± 0.3
Nut, legume, and vegetable
protein5
Ounce-equivalents/d	0.8 ± 0.03	1.2 ± 0.1	0.004	1.0 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.2	1.8 ± 0.4
Mean score	2.8 ± 0.03	2.9 ± 0.1	0.191	2.7 ± 0.2	2.8 ± 0.2	3.1 ± 0.2	3.4 ± 0.3
Sodium6
mg/d	3337 ± 28	3184 ± 72	0.028	2937 ± 95	3249 ± 132	3142 ± 124	2896 ± 143
Mean score	3.0 ± 0.03	3.1 ± 0.1	0.209	3.2 ± 0.1	3.1 ± 0.1	3.2 ± 0.1	3.5 ± 0.1
Sugar-sweetened beverages7
Servings/d	1.9 ± 0.05	1.2 ± 0.1	<0.001	1.0 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	1.0 ± 0.2	1.1 ± 0.1
Mean score	3.0 ± 0.03	3.6 ± 0.08	<0.001	3.8 ± 0.2	3.9 ± 0.1	3.8 ± 0.2	3.6 ± 0.1
Red/processed meat
Servings/d	2.9 ± 0.1	1.6 ± 0.1	<0.001	1.0 ± 0.2	1.5 ± 0.2*	1.6 ± 0.2*	1.5 ± 0.2*
Mean score	2.9 ± 0.04	3.6 ± 0.1	<0.001	4.0 ± 0.1	3.5 ± 0.2*	3.6 ± 0.2	3.6 ± 0.2*

¹Values are means ± SEs, adjusted for age, sex, educational level, income-to-poverty ratio, smoking status, physical activity status, and energy intake. Adjusted means were obtained with the STATA margins command after running the adjusted regression models. *P < 0.05. For length of residency, P values are based on the reference category of <10 y. DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension.

²Possible DASH diet score is 0–35 points, and points for component scores are based on quintiles of intakes (range: 0–5).

³All vegetables, except for potatoes, juice, and legumes.

⁴All fruit and fruit juice.

⁵Based on the USDA definition.

⁶Sum of all sodium contents of all foods.

⁷Includes soda, fruit juice and fruit drinks, presweetened iced teas, sports drinks, and energy drinks.