TABLE 6.
Multinomial logistic regression of food component intakes among US-born and foreign-born non-Hispanic blacks: pooled NHANES 2003–20121
| Medium-intake tertile | Higher-intake tertile | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | RRR | 95% CI | RRR | 95% CI |
| AHEI-2010 score | ||||
| US-born | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Foreign-born | 1.61 | 0.98, 2.66 | 5.75** | 3.73, 8.86** |
| DASH score | ||||
| US-born | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Foreign-born | 2.86** | 1.80, 4.53** | 7.63** | 4.73, 12.31** |
| Vegetables,2 servings/d | ||||
| US-born | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Foreign-born | 1.31 | 0.96, 1.82 | 1.68** | 1.24, 2.29** |
| Fruit (excluding juice),3 servings/d | ||||
| US-born | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Foreign-born | 1.23 | 0.83, 1.85 | 2.42** | 1.69, 3.47** |
| Fruit (including juice),4 servings/d | ||||
| US-born | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Foreign-born | 1.85** | 1.21, 2.83** | 2.95** | 1.90, 4.59** |
| Whole grains,5 ounce-equivalents/d | ||||
| US-born | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Foreign-born | 0.90 | 0.61, 1.34 | 2.58** | 1.76, 3.76** |
| Whole grains,5 % of total grains/d | ||||
| US-born | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Foreign-born | 1.04 | 0.69, 1.56 | 2.39** | 1.64, 3.49** |
| Sugar-sweetened beverages,6 | ||||
| servings/d | ||||
| US-born | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Foreign-born | 0.42** | 0.32, 0.56** | 0.27** | 0.19, 0.40** |
| Nut, legume, and vegetable protein,5 | ||||
| ounce-equivalents/d | ||||
| US-born | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Foreign-born | 0.57** | 0.36, 0.91** | 1.29 | 0.97, 1.71 |
| Red/processed meat, servings/d | ||||
| US-born | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Foreign-born | 0.45** | 0.32, 0.64** | 0.36** | 0.24, 0.54** |
| Long-chain n–3 fatty acids | ||||
| EPA+DHA, mg/d | ||||
| US-born | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Foreign-born | 1.01 | 0.75, 1.37 | 2.03** | 1.38, 2.97** |
| PUFAs, % kcal/d | ||||
| US-born | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Foreign-born | 0.56** | 0.40, 0.80** | 0.36** | 0.24, 0.52** |
| Sodium,7 mg/d | ||||
| US-born | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Foreign-born | 1.08 | 0.79, 1.49 | 0.87 | 0.55, 1.37 |
| Alcohol,8 drinks/d | ||||
| US-born | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Foreign-born | 1.24 | 0.88, 1.75 | 1.05 | 0.62, 1.80 |
1Total n = 4319 for each model. Data shown are from the multinomial polytomous logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, education level, income-to-poverty ratio, smoking status, physical activity status, and energy intake. Scores and intakes were categorized into tertiles. The low tertile was designated as the base comparison category, and for the low-fat dairy and alcohol analyses the “no intake” group was designated as the base comparison category in the polytomous regression analyses. The RRR indicates the ratio of the probability of being in one outcome category over the probability of being in the baseline (low tertile or no intake) category. P < 0.05, except **P < 0.001. AHEI-2010, Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010; DASH, Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension; RRR, relative risk ratio.
2All vegetables, except for white potatoes and juice.
3Includes only whole fruit, excluding fruit juice.
4Includes only whole fruit, including fruit juice.
5Based on the USDA definition.
6Includes soda, fruit juice and fruit drinks, presweetened iced teas, sports drinks, and energy drinks.
7Sum of all sodium contents in food.
8Includes wine, beer, and distilled spirits.