Table 2.
Adherence to oral PrEP by different measures used
| Characteristics | Adherence | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Study name | Geographical location | Population | Regimen | Any detectable plasma drug (TDF or FTC) (%) | Self-report (%) | Pill count (%) | MEMS (%) | |
| HIV – (non-seroconverters) | HIV + (seroconverters) | ||||||||
| 2010 | iPrEx [6] | Global | MSM/TGW | Daily | 51 | 9 | 95 | > 90 | – |
| 2012 | Partners study [7] | Kenya and Uganda | Heterosexual HIV-discordant couples | Daily | 82 | 31 | – | 92 | – |
| 2012 | TDF2 [8] | Botswana | Heterosexual | Daily | 80 | 50 | 94 | 84 | – |
| 2012 | FEM-PrEP [13] | Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa | Heterosexual females | Daily | 24 | 15 | 95 | 88 | – |
| 2012 | Kenya safety and adherence study [38] | Kenya | MSM and female sex workers | Daily | – | – | – | – | 83% (IQR 63 to 92) |
| Time-driven | 100 | 55 (pre-coital), 26 (post-coital) | |||||||
| 2013 | Partners adherence substudy [17] | Kenya and Uganda | Heterosexual HIV-discordant couples | Daily | – | – | – | 99 | 97 |
| 2013 | Bangkok tenofovir study [31] | Bangkok | PWID | Daily | 67 | 39 | 94 | – | – |
| 2013 | Uganda safety and adherence study [35] | Uganda | Heterosexual HIV-discordant couples | Daily | – | – | – | 97 | |
| Time-driven | 100 | 91 (pre-coital) 45 (post-coital) | |||||||
| 2013 | ATN 082 (Project PrEPARE) [54] | United States | Young MSM | Daily | 20 | 62 | – | – | |
| 2014 | iPrEx extension [15] | Global | MSM/TGW | Daily | 71 | 85 c | – | – | |
| 2015 | VOICE [14] | South Africa, Uganda, Zimbabwe | Heterosexual females | Daily | 29supp | 87 (via computer), 90 (face to face) | 88 | – | |
| 30 | 87 (via computer), 91 (face to face) | 84 | |||||||
| 2015 | Generating adherence Philadelphia [50] | United States | Young MSM of colour | Daily | – | – | 72 | – | |
| 2015 | HPTN 067/ADAPTa [36] | South Africa | Heterosexual females | Daily | 68 | – | – | 76 | |
| Time-driven | 56 | 65 | |||||||
| Event-driven | 53 | 53 | |||||||
| 2015 | PROUD [9] | United Kingdom | MSM | Daily | 100 c | – | – | – | |
| 2015 | IPERGAY [10] | France and Canada | MSM/TGW | Event-driven | 87 | 0 | 29 (suboptimal), 43 (optimal) b | – | – |
| 2016 | Bangkok MSMa [55] | Thailand | MSM/TGW | Daily | – | 9.8 (complete adherence) | – | – | |
| 2016 | Permanente Cohort [24] | USA | At-risk | Daily | – | – | 92 | – | |
| 2016 | The Demo Project [23] | USA | MSM/TGW | Daily | 80 d | – | 82 | – | |
| 2017 | SPARKa [57] | United States | MSM | Daily | 90 | – | – | – | |
| 2017 | IPERGAY extension [22] | France/Canada | MSM/TGW | Event-driven | 71 e | 0 | 24 (suboptimal), 50 (optimal) | – | – |
| 2017 | Short term PrEP Mozambiquea [25] | Mozambique | Heterosexual females | Daily | 76 | – | |||
| 2017 | Parisian MSMa [26] | France | MSM | Daily & Event-driven | 83 | – | – | – | |
| 2017 | PRELUDEa [27, 28] | Australia | Gay/bisexual males | Daily | 51 d | – | – | – | |
| 2017 | PROUD adherencea [29] | UK | MSM | Daily | – | 98 | – | – | |
| 2017 | Pluspillsa [30] | South Africa | Adolescents | Daily | 38 | – | 92 | – | |
| 2017 | Brazil Demoa [65] | Brasil | MSM/TGW | Daily | 74 | – | – | – | |
a Abstract available only, b At most recent sexual encounter, c Of participants reporting good adherence, d Dried blood spot concentration, eOnly 33% of participants had plasma TDF concentrations consistent with taking > 4 tablets per week