Table 1.

Individual characteristics according to SBP difference and incidence of hypertension: 5 year-follow-up

	Whole sample (N = 1156)			Incident cases of hypertension at T2 Participants without hypertension at T1
	%	Difference T2-T1		HBP incidence (N = 775)	No HBP (N = 641)	HBP (N = 134)
		Mean ± SD	p	/1000 person-year	%	%	p
Age group at eligibility
32 y	31.3	0.88 ± 13.33	0.359	19.4	43.7	22.4	< 0.001
42 y	33.3	1.79 ± 13.96		36.0	36.5	38.1
52–62 y	35.4	1.83 ± 16.97		59.2	19.8	39.6
Gender
Male	52.7	0.54 ± 15.37	0.018	46.9	40.4	58.2	< 0.001
Female	47.3	2.61 ± 14.31		25.5	59.6	41.8
BMI at T1
< 25 kg/m2	52.8	1.6 ± 13.67	0.519	23.6	67.9	43.8	< 0.001
≥ 25 kg/m2	47.2	1.17 ± 16.05		53.4	32.1	56.2
Smoking at T1
No	71.7	0.96 ± 15.01	0.067	30.4	71.6	64.2
Yes	28.3	2.78 ± 14.48		40.1	28.4	35.8	0.101
Daily alcohol intake at T1
No	71.5	2.39 ± 14.46	0.006	30.0	82.1	70.2	0.008
Yes, able to stop	23.5	−0.37 ± 15.49		52.1	15.6	26.0
Yes, unable to stop	5.0	−2.94 ± 16.78		51.0	2.4	3.8
Leisure physical activity at T1
None / Slightly active	57.4	1.07 ± 15.22	0.260	35.2	55.1	57.4	0.637
Active / Very active	42.6	2.08 ± 14.46		32.9	44.9	42.6
Educational attainment
≤ High school degree	67.7	1.36 ± 15.46	0.633	39.4	60.5	70.1	0.036
> High school degree	32.3	1.87 ± 13.7		27.3	39.5	29.9
Diabetic at T1
No	97.8	1.43 ± 14.87	0.532	34.3	99.2	97.8	0.146
Yes	2.2	5.1 ± 16.18		71.3	0.8	2.2
Hypercholesterolemia at T1
No	84.9	1.52 ± 14.77	0.883	32.8	88.9	82.8	0.050
Yes	15.1	1.34 ± 15.61		48.9	11.1	17.2
Initial SBP level
< 130 mmHg	58.2	5.5 ± 12.9	< 0.001	24.6	86.0	57.5	< 0.001
≥ 130 mmHg	41.8	−4.1 ± 15.8		78.7	14.0	42.5

Footnotes: percentages, means (SD) or medians and interquartile ranges. Categorical variables were assessed using Chi-squared or Fisher’s exact test, continuous variables were assessed using Student’s t test or Mann-Whitney test

Significance of p-value < 0.5 are set in bold