Table 3.
Occupational stressors and SBP or incident cases of hypertension (backward multivariate analysis)
| SBP difference T2-T1 | Incidence of Hypertension (model D) N = 775 | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whole sample (model A) N = 1156 | Initial SBP < 130 mmHg (model B) N = 673 | Initial SBP ≥ 130 mmHg (model C) N = 483 | ||||||||||
| β. | SE | p | β. | SE | p | β. | SE | p | OR | 95% CI | p | |
| Age group at baseline (ref: 32 years old) | ||||||||||||
| 42 | 3.10 | 1.01 | 0.002 | 1.12 | 1.14 | 0.33 | 3.89 | 2.20 | 0.08 | 2.36 | (1.41; 3.96) | 0.001 |
| 52 or 62 | 7.02 | 1.25 | < 0.001 | 5.13 | 1.61 | 0.001 | 5.52 | 2.43 | 0.02 | 4.97 | (2.68; 9.23) | < 0.001 |
| Female (ref male) | −3.02 | 0.98 | 0.002 | −0.49 | 1.08 | 0.65 | −2.61 | 1.99 | 0.19 | 0.53 | (0.34; 0.82) | 0.005 |
| BMI at T1 (kg/m2) | 0.49 | 0.12 | < 0.001 | 0.61 | 0.14 | < 0.001 | – | – | – | 1.18 | (1.11; 1.25) | < 0.001 |
| Drugs for HBP T1 | 4.72 | 1.77 | 0.01 | – | – | – | 8.39 | 3.22 | 0.01 | – | – | – |
| Drugs for HBP T2 | – | – | – | −6.19 | 2.73 | 0.02 | – | – | – | |||
| SBP at T1 | −0.45 | 0.03 | < 0.001 | |||||||||
| Smoking (ref: no) | 2.17 | 0.97 | 0.03 | – | – | – | 3.98 | 1.98 | 0.05 | 1.74 | (1.10; 2.76) | 0.02 |
| Daily alcohol intake | ||||||||||||
| Yes, without alcohol dependence | – | – | – | – | – | – | −1.46 | 1.92 | 0.45 | – | – | – |
| Yes, with alcohol dependence | – | – | – | – | – | – | −7.75 | 3.38 | 0.02 | – | – | – |
| Working at T1 | – | – | – | −8.27 | 3.08 | 0.01 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Job strain (ref: low strain work) | ||||||||||||
| Passive work | – | – | – | −0.23 | 2.16 | 0.92 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Active work | – | – | – | 2.24 | 1.26 | 0.08 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| High strain | – | – | – | 3.43 | 2.24 | 0.13 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| Job recognition | – | – | – | −3.09 | 1.27 | 0.02 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Footnotes: β and standard errors, odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were calculated from linear and logistic regressions respectively
In all models the following variables were included: age group at eligibility, gender, BMI, smoking, daily alcohol intake, history of diabetes, lipid disorders, educational attainment, and employment at T1 and at T2
Added in model A: initial SBP level, HBP treatment at T1 and T2, leisure physical activity; job strain, and job recognition
Added in model B: HBP treatment at T1 and T2, leisure physical activity; carrying heavy objects, intense noise exposure, > 48 h/week, bedtime after midnight, getting up before 5 AM, job strain, work under time pressure, job recognition, and income linked to productivity
Added in model C: HBP treatment at T1 and T2, leisure physical activity, working on the weekend, bedtime after midnight, getting up before 5 AM and age at first job
Added in model D: working during the weekend, > 48 h/week, rotating shift schedule and job recognition
Significance of p-value < 0.5 are set in bold