Table 2.
Baseline characteristics between AKI patients with and without renal recovery in the derivation cohort
| Variable | Recovery (n = 64) |
Nonrecovery (n = 41) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 66 (50, 75) | 61 (52, 68) | 0.323 |
| Female gender | 32 (49.6) | 13 (33.3) | 0.349 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.3 (20.9, 25.8) | 24.3 (21.7, 27.4) | 0.436 |
| APACHE II score | 14.0 (12.0, 16.0) | 16.0 (14.0, 18.0) | 0.018 |
| SOFA score | 5 (3, 6) | 7 (5.8, 8) | 0.001 |
| Serum creatinine before surgery (μmol/L) | 64.5 (56.4, 71.6) | 65.1 (51.2, 72.6) | 0.884 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 85.0 (73.0, 91.5) | 89.0 (83.0, 100.0) | 0.199 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| COPD/asthma | 8 (11.9) | 4 (9.9) | 0.709 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 12 (19.7) | 13 (30.9) | 0.319 |
| Chronic liver disease | 20 (31.6) | 20 (49.4) | 0.197 |
| Cancer | 21 (32.5) | 20 (49.4) | 0.155 |
| Diabetes | 22 (34.2) | 16 (38.3) | 0.679 |
| Hypertension | 30 (47.9) | 20 (48.1) | 0.720 |
| Major infection site | |||
| Intra-abdominal infection | 9 (14.1) | 9 (21.9) | 0.354 |
| Pulmonary infection | 3 (4.6) | 2 (4.9) | 0.716 |
| Bloodstream infection | 4 (6.3) | 5 (12.2) | 0.375 |
| Urinary tract infection | 3 (4.6) | 5 (12.2) | 0.302 |
| Others | 3 (4.6) | 3 (7.3) | 0.583 |
| Surgery | |||
| Abdominal surgery | 49 (76.1) | 28 (69.1) | 0.491 |
| Contaminated surgery procedure | 39 (60.9) | 21 (51.2) | 0.326 |
| Duration (h) | 5.0 (2.4, 8.7) | 5.7 (2.7, 8.6) | 0.561 |
| Bleeding (ml) | 300 (150, 900) | 750 (50, 1450) | 0.245 |
| Fluid balance in surgery (ml) | 2792 (1350, 4570) | 2800 (1920, 4550) | 0.899 |
| Blood product transfusion | |||
| Red blood cells (ml) | 0 (0, 800) | 400 (0, 2100) | 0.329 |
| Plasma (ml) | 0 (0, 800) | 400 (0, 900) | 0.233 |
| Serum creatinine diagnosing AKI (μmol/L) | 119.7 (100.7, 133.5) | 168.3 (126.9, 212.8) | < 0.001 |
| UO 24 h after ICU admission (ml/kg/h) | 1.1 (0.5, 1.8) | 0.8 (0.3, 1.5) | 0.243 |
| UO 48 h after ICU admission (ml/kg/h) | 1.0 (0.3, 1.8) | 0.7 (0.2, 1.6) | 0.289 |
| AKI classification | |||
| Stage 1 | 35 (54.6) | 8 (19.5) | 0.001 |
| Stage2 | 23 (35.9) | 20 (48.8) | 0.458 |
| Stage3 | 6 (9.3) | 13 (31.7) | 0.007 |
| Endostatin (ng/ml) | 62.6 (48.3, 87.6) | 108.5 (71.4, 163.8) | < 0.001 |
| NGAL (ng/ml) | 119.0 (105.4, 200.2) | 149.8 (110.1, 256.2) | 0.045 |
| Cystatin C (mg/dl) | 4.8 (2.7, 9.2) | 8.7 (5.6, 13.2) | 0.029 |
Values are median (25th, 75th percentile interquartile range) or n (%)
AKI acute kidney injury, APACHE II acute physiology and chronic health evaluation, BMI body mass index, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ICU intensive care unit, NGAL neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, UO 24 h the first 24 h urine output, UO 48 h the first 48 h urine output