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. 2018 Nov 17;6(1):coy059. doi: 10.1093/conphys/coy059

Table 1:

Effects of altered TH levels and temperature during development on SMR, body condition, survival and thermal tolerance (as measured by CTmin, CTmax and thermal range of tolerance) in tadpoles of the African clawed frog (X. laevis) at the onset of metamorphosis (Gosner stage 42) (Gosner, 1960). Chi2 and P for linear mixed-effects models, using the covariates ‘Treatment’ (T4, SP and Control), ‘Tdev’ and the interactions of ‘Treatment*Tdev’ as fixed factors; ‘aquarium’ as random factor. T4 = increased TH concentration; SP = decreased TH concentration. Significance was set at P < 0.05. SMR was taken as the residuals from the regression of log transformed mass on log transformed SMR. Body condition was determined by the scaled mass index (SMI). Bold for significant values

Dependent variable Fixed effects Xenopus laevis
Estimate SE Chi2 Df P N (n)
SMRresiduals Treatment [Control] −0.08 0.04 39.63 2 <0.001 119 (9)
Treatment [SP] −0.10 0.08 39.63 2 <0.001 119 (9)
Treatment [T4] 0.13 0.06 39.63 2 <0.001 119 (9)
Tdev −0.08 0.06 39.63 1 <0.001 119 (9)
Tdev* Treatment [SP] −0.15 0.09 39.63 2 <0.001 119 (9)
Tdev* Treatment [T4] 0.33 0.09 39.63 2 <0.001 119 (9)
Body condition (SMI) Treatment [Control] 275.56 36.11 11.42 2 0.003 475 (45)
Treatment [SP] 69.48 53.23 11.42 2 0.003 475 (45)
Treatment [T4] −156.08 55.72 11.42 2 0.003 475 (45)
Tdev −3.98 1.61 11.42 1 0.003 475 (45)
Tdev* Treatment [SP] −3.09 2.36 11.42 2 0.003 475 (45)
Tdev* Treatment [T4] −5.52 2.49 11.42 2 0.003 475 (45)
Survival (%) Treatment [Control] −0.23 0.11 11.05 2 0.003 (45)
Treatment [SP] 0.32 0.16 11.05 2 0.003 (45)
Treatment [T4] 0.61 0.16 11.05 2 0.003 (45)
Tdev 0.01 0.01 11.05 1 0.003 (45)
Tdev* Treatment [SP] −0.01 0.01 11.05 2 0.003 (45)
Tdev* Treatment [T4] −0.02 0.01 11.05 2 0.003 (45)
CTmin (°C) Treatment [Control] −11.26 0.96 37.02 2 <0.001 135 (45)
Treatment [SP] 0.76 1.35 37.02 2 <0.001 135 (45)
Treatment [T4] 0.39 1.35 37.02 2 <0.001 135 (45)
Tdev 0.99 0.04 343.16 1 <0.001 135 (45)
Tdev* Treatment [SP] −0.01 0.06 1.41 2 0.49 135 (45)
Tdev* Treatment [T4] −0.01 0.06 1.41 2 0.49 135 (45)
CTmax (°C) Treatment [Control] 28.15 2.23 8.59 2 0.01 135 (45)
Treatment [SP] 1.64 3.16 8.59 2 0.01 135 (45)
Treatment [T4] −0.7 3.16 8.59 2 0.01 135 (45)
Tdev −0.28 0.09 24.02 1 <0.001 135 (45)
Tdev* Treatment [SP] −0.02 0.14 0.05 2 0.97 135 (45)
Tdev* Treatment [T4] −0.00 0.14 0.05 2 0.97 135 (45)
Thermal range of tolerance Treatment [Control] 39.41 1.73 0.89 2 0.63 135 (45)
Treatment [SP] 0.87 2.44 0.89 2 0.63 135 (45)
Treatment [T4] −1.09 2.44 0.89 2 0.63 135 (45)
Tdev −0.69 0.07 138.08 1 <0.001 135 (45)
Tdev* Treatment [SP] −0.02 0.1 0.68 2 0.71 135 (45)
Tdev* Treatment [T4] 0.06 0.1 0.68 2 0.71 135 (45)