Table 2.
Mean (SD) values for the experimental sessions
| Measure | Active Control | Exercise | t | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-test Cerebral Blood Flow assessment | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 105.0 ± 19.2 | 106.7 ± 17.5 | 0.4 | 0.68 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 71.5 ± 12.2 | 70.9 ± 17.9 | 0.2 | 0.85 |
| Time prior to experimental condition (min) | 42.1 ± 3.8 | 41.7 ± 5.9 | 0.3 | 0.77 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 77.1 ± 11.4 | 76.2 ± 11.4 | 0.3 | 0.74 |
| Respiratory frequency (breaths perminute) | 20.5 ± 4.3 | 20.0 ± 4.3 | 0.5 | 0.60 |
| Experimental condition | ||||
| Heart rate (bpm) | 92.0 ± 12.2 | 136.1 ± 11.1 | 16.7 | < 0.001 |
| Heart rate reserve (%) | 23.2 ± 8.1 | 54.5 ± 8.0 | 16.7 | < 0.001 |
| Heart rate percent of max (%) | 45.7 ± 5.6 | 68.2 ± 5.5 | 17.4 | < 0.001 |
| Borg rating of perceived exertion | 1.3 ± 1.7 | 4.0 ± 2.4 | 5.8 | < 0.001 |
| Treadmill speed (mph) | 0.5 | 3.5 ± 0.4 | 47.0 | < 0.001 |
| Treadmill grade (%) | 0 | 1.7 ± 1.1 | 9.9 | < 0.001 |
| Post-test Cerebral Blood Flow assessment | ||||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 104.8 ± 18.8 | 101.2 ± 16.3 | 0.9 | 0.39 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 73.6 ± 17.1 | 71.0 ± 13.0 | 0.7 | 0.46 |
| Time following experimental condition (min) | 25.0 ± 3.6 | 25.3 ± 4.2 | 0.4 | 0.68 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 75.2 ± 9.4 | 76.2 ± 9.8 | 0.5 | 0.63 |
| Respiratory frequency (breaths per minute) | 19.5 ± 3.0 | 19.9 ± 3.7 | 0.4 | 0.68 |
Note: t-tests reflect the difference between active control and exercise at each time point for each measure of interest. No statistical difference in blood pressure, heart rate, or respiratory frequency were observed between pre-test and post-test for either the active control or exercise conditions, t’s (37) ≤ 1.2, p’s ≥ 0.2, drm’s ≤ 0.16 [95% CI: −0.29 to 0.49]. Similarly, no interactions of Mode × Time were observed, F’s (1, 37) ≤ 1.5, p’s ≥ 0.2, f 2’s ≤ 0.46 [95% CI: 0.0 to 1.06]. Heart rate during both the active control and exercise conditions (measured in an upright position) was statistically different from heart rate at pre-test and post-test (measured in a supine position), t’s (73) ≥ 4.1, p’s < 0.001, drm’s ≥ 0.81 [95% CI: 0.39 to 5.23].