Table 1. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 521 anaerobic bacterial isolates from 2014 to 2016.
| N of isolates and antimicrobial agents | Breakpoint (μg/mL) | MIC (μg/mL) | Susceptibility (%)* | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S | I | R | Range | 50% | 90% | S | I | R | |
| Bacteroides fragilis (60) | |||||||||
| Penicillin | ≤ 0.5 | 1 | ≥2 | 4– > 128 | 16 | > 128 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤ 32 | 64 | ≥ 128 | 0.12– > 128 | 1 | 4 | 95 | 0 | 5 |
| Cefoxitin | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 4–64 | 8 | 32 | 82 | 12 | 7 |
| Cefotetan | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 2– > 128 | 8 | 64 | 75 | 13 | 12 |
| Imipenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | ≤0.06–32 | 0.12 | 1 | 95 | 0 | 5 |
| Meropenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | ≤ 0.06– > 128 | 0.12 | 2 | 92 | 3 | 5 |
| Clindamycin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤ 0.06– > 128 | 1 | > 128 | 60 | 2 | 38 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤0.06–32 | 0.5 | 8 | 77 | 3 | 20 |
| Chloramphenicol | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 4–8 | 4 | 8 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Metronidazole | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 0.25–8 | 4 | 4 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Non-fragilis Bacteroides group I (54)† | |||||||||
| Penicillin | ≤ 0.5 | 1 | ≥2 | ≤ 0.06– > 128 | 128 | > 128 | 2 | 0 | 98 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤ 32 | 64 | ≥ 128 | ≤ 0.06– > 128 | 8 | 32 | 93 | 2 | 6 |
| Cefoxitin | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 1– > 128 | 16 | 32 | 57 | 35 | 7 |
| Cefotetan | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 0.5– > 128 | 64 | > 128 | 17 | 24 | 59 |
| Imipenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | ≤0.06–32 | 0.5 | 2 | 94 | 4 | 2 |
| Meropenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | ≤ 0.06–4 | 0.5 | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Clindamycin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤ 0.06– > 128 | > 128 | > 128 | 20 | 11 | 69 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤0.06–32 | 2 | 8 | 78 | 7 | 15 |
| Chloramphenicol | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 2–8 | 8 | 8 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Metronidazole | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 0.5–8 | 2 | 4 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Non-fragilis Bacteroides group II (14)‡ | |||||||||
| Penicillin | ≤ 0.5 | 1 | ≥2 | 16– > 128 | 16 | > 128 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤ 32 | 64 | ≥ 128 | 0.5–32 | 8 | 32 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefoxitin | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 1–64 | 32 | 32 | 43 | 50 | 7 |
| Cefotetan | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 4– > 128 | 64 | 128 | 21 | 7 | 71 |
| Imipenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | 0.12–2 | 0.25 | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Meropenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | 0.12–32 | 0.25 | 16 | 86 | 0 | 14 |
| Clindamycin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | 0.5– > 128 | > 128 | > 128 | 36 | 0 | 64 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | 0.5–64 | 1 | 16 | 79 | 0 | 21 |
| Chloramphenicol | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 4–8 | 8 | 8 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Metronidazole | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 2–4 | 2 | 4 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Parabacteroides distasonis (19) | |||||||||
| Penicillin | ≤ 0.5 | 1 | ≥2 | ≤ 0.06– > 128 | > 128 | > 128 | 5 | 0 | 95 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤ 32 | 64 | ≥ 128 | ≤ 0.06– > 128 | 32 | > 128 | 89 | 0 | 11 |
| Cefoxitin | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 1–128 | 32 | 64 | 21 | 42 | 37 |
| Cefotetan | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 1– > 128 | 128 | > 128 | 5 | 0 | 95 |
| Imipenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | ≤0.06–64 | 1 | 16 | 89 | 0 | 11 |
| Clindamycin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤ 0.06– > 128 | > 128 | > 128 | 5 | 16 | 79 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | 0.12–32 | 0.5 | 16 | 79 | 0 | 21 |
| Chloramphenicol | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 2–8 | 8 | 8 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Metronidazole | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 0.5–4 | 2 | 4 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Parabacteroides spp. (10)§ | |||||||||
| Penicillin | ≤ 0.5 | 1 | ≥2 | 8– > 128 | > 128 | > 128 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤ 32 | 64 | ≥ 128 | 2–32 | 16 | 32 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefoxitin | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 16–64 | 32 | 64 | 20 | 50 | 30 |
| Cefotetan | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 64– > 128 | 128 | > 128 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Imipenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | 1–4 | 1 | 4 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Clindamycin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | 0.5– > 128 | > 128 | > 128 | 20 | 0 | 80 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | 0.25–16 | 0.5 | 16 | 60 | 10 | 30 |
| Chloramphenicol | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 4–8 | 8 | 8 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Metronidazole | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 1–4 | 2 | 4 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Prevotella spp. (33)ǁ | |||||||||
| Penicillin | ≤ 0.5 | 1 | ≥2 | ≤ 0.06– > 128 | 16 | 32 | 6 | 3 | 91 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤ 32 | 64 | ≥ 128 | ≤ 0.06–8 | ≤ 0.06 | ≤ 0.06 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefoxitin | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 0.5–32 | 1 | 4 | 97 | 3 | 0 |
| Cefotetan | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 0.5–64 | 2 | 32 | 88 | 9 | 3 |
| Imipenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | ≤ 0.06–1 | ≤ 0.06 | ≤ 0.06 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Clindamycin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤ 0.06– > 128 | ≤ 0.06 | > 128 | 55 | 0 | 45 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | 0.12–64 | 0.5 | 4 | 70 | 21 | 9 |
| Chloramphenicol | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 1–16 | 2 | 8 | 91 | 9 | 0 |
| Metronidazole | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 0.12–32 | 1 | 8 | 91 | 6 | 3 |
| Fusobacterium spp.(19)¶ | |||||||||
| Penicillin | ≤ 0.5 | 1 | ≥2 | ≤ 0.06– > 128 | 0.25 | 4 | 79 | 5 | 16 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤ 32 | 64 | ≥ 128 | ≤ 0.06–8 | 2 | 4 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefoxitin | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 0.12–16 | 4 | 8 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefotetan | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | ≤0.06–32 | 2 | 4 | 95 | 5 | 0 |
| Imipenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | ≤ 0.06–4 | 1 | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Meropenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | ≤ 0.06–2 | ≤ 0.06 | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Clindamycin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤ 0.06–128 | 2 | 16 | 58 | 21 | 21 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤ 0.06–128 | 4 | 8 | 42 | 47 | 11 |
| Chloramphenicol | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | ≤ 0.06–2 | 2 | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Metronidazole | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 0.12–1 | ≤ 0.06 | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Other gram-negative bacilli (10)** | |||||||||
| Penicillin | ≤ 0.5 | 1 | ≥2 | ≤ 0.06– > 128 | 1 | 16 | 30 | 30 | 40 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤ 32 | 64 | ≥ 128 | ≤ 0.06– > 128 | 1 | 128 | 80 | 0 | 20 |
| Cefoxitin | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 0.25–32 | 2 | 32 | 80 | 20 | 0 |
| Cefotetan | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 0.5–32 | 2 | 4 | 90 | 10 | 0 |
| Imipenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | ≤ 0.06–0.5 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Clindamycin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤0.06–32 | ≤ 0.06 | 4 | 90 | 0 | 10 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤0.06–16 | 0.5 | 16 | 50 | 10 | 40 |
| Chloramphenicol | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 0.25–8 | 4 | 8 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Metronidazole | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | ≤0.06–64 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Veillonella spp. (11)†† | |||||||||
| Penicillin | ≤ 0.5 | 1 | ≥2 | 2–16 | 4 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤ 32 | 64 | ≥ 128 | 4–128 | 16 | 32 | 91 | 0 | 9 |
| Cefoxitin | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 2–8 | 4 | 8 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefotetan | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 0.5–32 | 1 | 2 | 91 | 9 | 0 |
| Imipenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | 0.25–8 | 0.50 | 2 | 91 | 9 | 0 |
| Clindamycin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤ 0.06– > 128 | ≤ 0.06 | 2 | 91 | 0 | 9 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤0.06–64 | 0.25 | 4 | 82 | 9 | 9 |
| Chloramphenicol | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 0.5–2 | 2 | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Metronidazole | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 2–32 | 8 | 32 | 73 | 0 | 27 |
| Finegoldia magna (31) | |||||||||
| Penicillin | ≤ 0.5 | 1 | ≥2 | ≤ 0.06–0.12 | ≤ 0.06 | ≤ 0.06 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤ 32 | 64 | ≥ 128 | ≤ 0.06–0.12 | ≤ 0.06 | ≤ 0.06 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefoxitin | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 0.25–4 | 0.5 | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefotetan | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 0.12–4 | 0.25 | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Imipenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | ≤ 0.06– ≤ 0.06 | ≤ 0.06 | ≤ 0.06 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Clindamycin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤0.06–64 | ≤ 0.06 | 0.5 | 94 | 3 | 3 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | 0.12–8 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 94 | 0 | 6 |
| Metronidazole | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 0.12–8 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Tetracycline | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | ≤0.06–16 | 0.25 | 4 | 94 | 0 | 6 |
| Parvimonas micra (29) | |||||||||
| Penicillin | ≤ 0.5 | 1 | ≥2 | ≤ 0.06–0.25 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤ 32 | 64 | ≥ 128 | ≤ 0.06–2 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefoxitin | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 0.25–4 | 0.5 | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefotetan | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 0.5–2 | 1 | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Imipenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | ≤ 0.06–0.25 | ≤ 0.06 | 0.12 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Clindamycin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤ 0.06–128 | 1 | 128 | 76 | 0 | 24 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤0.06–32 | 2 | 32 | 52 | 0 | 48 |
| Metronidazole | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 0.5–4 | 1 | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Tetracycline | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | 1–64 | 16 | 32 | 45 | 0 | 55 |
| Other gram-positive cocci (14)i | |||||||||
| Penicillin | ≤ 0.5 | 1 | ≥2 | ≤ 0.06–8 | 0.12 | 8 | 64 | 0 | 36 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤ 32 | 64 | ≥ 128 | ≤0.06–16 | 0.25 | 16 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefoxitin | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | ≤0.06–16 | 0.5 | 16 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefotetan | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 0.25–128 | 4 | 128 | 50 | 7 | 43 |
| Imipenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | ≤ 0.06–4 | 0.25 | 4 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Clindamycin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤ 0.06–128 | 0.25 | 128 | 50 | 7 | 43 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | 0.12–16 | 2 | 8 | 64 | 7 | 29 |
| Metronidazole | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 0.5–8 | 2 | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Tetracycline | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | 0.25–64 | 32 | 64 | 14 | 0 | 86 |
| Clostridioides difficile (15) | |||||||||
| Penicillin | ≤ 0.5 | 1 | ≥2 | 2–4 | 2 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤ 32 | 64 | ≥ 128 | 4–16 | 16 | 16 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefoxitin | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 128– > 128 | 128 | > 128 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Cefotetan | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 16–64 | 32 | 64 | 20 | 40 | 40 |
| Imipenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | 4–64 | 16 | 32 | 7 | 0 | 93 |
| Clindamycin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | 1– > 128 | 16 | > 128 | 7 | 27 | 67 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | 1–32 | 16 | 32 | 47 | 0 | 53 |
| Metronidazole | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 0.5–4 | 2 | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Tetracycline | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | 0.25–32 | 0.5 | 32 | 60 | 13 | 27 |
| Clostridium spp. (27)j | |||||||||
| Penicillin | ≤ 0.5 | 1 | ≥2 | ≤ 0.06–2 | 0.5 | 2 | 74 | 15 | 11 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤ 32 | 64 | ≥ 128 | ≤0.06–32 | 0.5 | 16 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefoxitin | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 0.25–128 | 2 | 64 | 85 | 4 | 11 |
| Cefotetan | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 0.25– > 128 | 4 | > 128 | 78 | 4 | 19 |
| Imipenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | 0.25–8 | 1 | 4 | 96 | 4 | 0 |
| Clindamycin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤ 0.06– > 128 | 1 | > 128 | 63 | 4 | 33 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | 0.12–128 | 1 | 32 | 74 | 7 | 19 |
| Metronidazole | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 0.25–64 | 2 | 8 | 93 | 0 | 7 |
| Tetracycline | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | 0.12–64 | 16 | 64 | 26 | 11 | 63 |
| Actinomyces odontolyticus (34) | |||||||||
| Penicillin | ≤ 0.5 | 1 | ≥2 | ≤ 0.06–8 | 0.5 | 8 | 53 | 18 | 29 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤ 32 | 64 | ≥ 128 | 0.5–64 | 4 | 32 | 91 | 9 | 0 |
| Cefoxitin | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | ≤0.06–32 | 1 | 16 | 97 | 3 | 0 |
| Cefotetan | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 0.5–128 | 8 | 128 | 65 | 12 | 24 |
| Imipenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | ≤ 0.06–8 | 0.5 | 2 | 97 | 3 | 0 |
| Clindamycin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤ 0.06– > 128 | 0.5 | > 128 | 62 | 0 | 38 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | 2–32 | 2 | 2 | 97 | 0 | 3 |
| Metronidazole | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 8– > 128 | 32 | > 128 | 6 | 29 | 65 |
| Tetracycline | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | 2–32 | 2 | 16 | 79 | 0 | 21 |
| Actinomyces spp. (23)ǁǁ | |||||||||
| Penicillin | ≤ 0.5 | 1 | ≥2 | ≤ 0.06–0.5 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤ 32 | 64 | ≥ 128 | ≤ 0.06–1 | 0.5 | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefoxitin | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 0.12–1 | 0.25 | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefotetan | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | ≤ 0.06–4 | 0.5 | 4 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Imipenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | ≤ 0.06–0.25 | ≤ 0.06 | 0.25 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Clindamycin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤ 0.06– > 128 | 0.25 | > 128 | 78 | 0 | 22 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | 0.5–2 | 1 | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Metronidazole | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 32– > 128 | > 128 | > 128 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Tetracycline | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | 0.5–64 | 1 | 32 | 78 | 0 | 22 |
| Bifidobacterium spp. (18)¶¶ | |||||||||
| Penicillin | ≤ 0.5 | 1 | ≥2 | ≤ 0.06–4 | 0.12 | 4 | 72 | 11 | 17 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤ 32 | 64 | ≥ 128 | ≤0.06–32 | 0.12 | 16 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefoxitin | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | ≤0.06–64 | 1 | 64 | 83 | 0 | 17 |
| Cefotetan | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 0.25– > 128 | 2 | > 128 | 72 | 0 | 28 |
| Imipenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | ≤ 0.06–1 | 0.12 | 0.5 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Clindamycin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤ 0.06– > 128 | 0.5 | > 128 | 72 | 0 | 28 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤0.06–16 | 1 | 4 | 89 | 6 | 6 |
| Metronidazole | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 0.5– > 128 | 8 | > 128 | 67 | 11 | 22 |
| Tetracycline | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | 2–128 | 2 | 16 | 83 | 6 | 11 |
| Eggerthella lenta (38) | |||||||||
| Penicillin | ≤ 0.5 | 1 | ≥2 | 0.5–2 | 1 | 2 | 8 | 45 | 47 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤ 32 | 64 | ≥ 128 | 16–32 | 16 | 32 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefoxitin | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 2–32 | 8 | 16 | 95 | 5 | 0 |
| Cefotetan | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 32– > 128 | 128 | > 128 | 0 | 5 | 95 |
| Imipenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | 0.5–0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Clindamycin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | 0.12–0.5 | 0.5 | > 128 | 63 | 0 | 37 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | 0.12–4 | 4 | 64 | 47 | 21 | 32 |
| Metronidazole | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 0.5–1 | 1 | 1 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Tetracycline | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | 0.5–32 | 32 | 64 | 37 | 3 | 61 |
| Lactobacillus spp. (36)*** | |||||||||
| Penicillin | ≤ 0.5 | 1 | ≥2 | ≤ 0.06– > 128 | 0.5 | 2 | 56 | 22 | 22 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤ 32 | 64 | ≥ 128 | 0.5– > 128 | 4 | 8 | 94 | 0 | 6 |
| Cefoxitin | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 4– > 128 | > 128 | > 128 | 17 | 3 | 81 |
| Cefotetan | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | 8– > 128 | > 128 | > 128 | 3 | 0 | 97 |
| Imipenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | ≤0.06–16 | 0.25 | 8 | 86 | 11 | 3 |
| Clindamycin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤ 0.06–1 | 0.12 | 0.5 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | 0.25–4 | 1 | 2 | 94 | 6 | 0 |
| Metronidazole | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 32– > 128 | > 128 | > 128 | 0 | 0 | 100 |
| Tetracycline | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | 0.5– > 128 | 8 | 32 | 44 | 33 | 22 |
| Other gram-positive bacilli (26)††† | |||||||||
| Penicillin | ≤ 0.5 | 1 | ≥2 | ≤ 0.06–4 | 0.12 | 0.25 | 96 | 0 | 4 |
| Piperacillin-tazobactam | ≤ 32 | 64 | ≥ 128 | ≤ 0.06–2 | 0.12 | 2 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefoxitin | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | ≤0.06–16 | 1 | 4 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Cefotetan | ≤ 16 | 32 | ≥ 64 | ≤0.06–32 | 2 | 8 | 96 | 4 | 0 |
| Imipenem | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | ≤ 0.06–0.5 | ≤ 0.06 | 0.12 | 100 | 0 | 0 |
| Clindamycin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤0.06–64 | ≤ 0.06 | 4 | 85 | 8 | 8 |
| Moxifloxacin | ≤2 | 4 | ≥8 | ≤ 0.06–4 | 0.25 | 1 | 96 | 4 | 0 |
| Metronidazole | ≤8 | 16 | ≥ 32 | 0.25– > 128 | 8 | > 128 | 60 | 0 | 40 |
| Tetracycline | ≤4 | 8 | ≥ 16 | 0.25–8 | 2 | 8 | 72 | 28 | 0 |
*Susceptibility was determined by breakpoint according to the CLSI M100 27th edition [19]; †Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (N=26), B. caccae (N=9), B. uniformis (N=7), B. vulgatus (N=7), B. ovatus (N=5); ‡B. intestinalis (N=4), B. nordii (N =3), B. pyogenes (N=2), B. stercoris (N=2), B. salyersiae (N=2), B. cellulosilyticus (N=1); §Parabacteroides goldsteinii (N=5), P. johnsonii (N=2), P. merdae (N=2), P. faecis (N=1); ∥Prevotella buccae (N=15), P. bivia (N=10), P. nigrescens (N=3), P. buccalis (N=1), P. disiens (N=1), P. intermedia (N=1), P. melaninogenica (N=1), P. oralis (N=1); ¶Fusobacterium varium (N=14), F. mortiferum (N=2), F. ulcerans (N=2), F. nucleatum (N=1); **Dialister pneumosintes (N=2), Leptotrichia trevisanii (N=2), L. buccalis (N=1), Alistipes finegoldii (N=1), A. onderdonkii (N=1), Bilophila sp. (N=1), Megamonas sp. (N=1), Sutterella wadsworthensis (N=1); ††Veillonella parvula (N=9), V. atypica (N=1), V. dispar (N=1); ‡‡Peptoniphilus anaerobius (N=3), P. asaccharolyticus (N=2), P. gorbachii (N=2), P. harei (N=1), Anaerococcus vaginalis (N=2), A. murdochii (N=1), A. prevotii (N=1), Ruminococcus gnavus (N=2); §§Clostridium bifermentans (N=3), C. hathewayi (N=3), C. innocuum (N=3), C. paraputrificum (N=3), C. perfringens (N=3), C. butyricum (N=2), C. ramosum (N=2), C. sordellii (N=2), C. tertium (N=2), C. cadaveris (N=1), C. scindens (N=1), C. sporogenes (N=1), C. bolteae (N=1); ∥∥Actinomyces oris (N=7), A. turicensis (N=7), A. neuii (N=4), A. viscosus (N =2), A. europaeus (N=1), A. meyeri (N=1), A. naeslundii (N=1); ¶¶Bifidobacterium dentium (N=5), B. longum (N=5), B. breve (N=4), B. bifidum (N=2), B. pseudocatenulatum (N=1), B. thermophilum (N=1); ***Lactobacillus paracasei (N=5), L. rhamnosus (N=5), L. sakei (N=5), L. salivarius (N=4), L. fermentum (N=3), L. mucosae (N=3), L. crispatus (N=2), L. gasseri (N=2), L. plantarum (N=2), L. reuteri (N=2), L. curvatus (N=1), L. harbinensis (N=1), L. sporogenes (N=1); †††Atopobium parvulum (N=7), A. rimae (N=2), Propionibacterium acnes (N=5), P. avidum (N=1), P. lymphophilum (N=1), Actinotignum schaalii (N=2), Alloscardovia omnicolens (N=2), Bulleidia extructa (N=2), Collinsella aerofaciens (N=2), Flavonifractor plautii (N=1), Slackia exigua (N=1).
Abbreviations: S, susceptible; I, intermediate; R, resistant; MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration.