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. 2018 Nov 12;9:1630. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01630

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Copyright © 2018 Etienne, Breton, Breitler, Bertrand, Déchamp, Awada, Marraccini, Léran, Alpizar, Campa, Courtel, Georget and Ducos.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Somatic embryogenesis of C. arabica: model of industrialization and professionalization. (A) Embryogenic cell suspension in liquid medium; (B) embryo differentiation in liquid medium (torpedo stage); (C) embryo development phase in TIS (temporary immersion system); (D) germinated embryos in Twin-Flask Bioreactor (above: cotyledonary embryos obtained in 1L-RITA); (E) Conversion into plantlets of pregerminated embryos onto horticultural substrate; (F) rooted cuttings in plug trays; (G) industrial hybrid nurseries with plastic pots and peat moss substrate. (H) Rooted cutting ready for field planting.