Figure 1.

Exclosure design in the study area, Lake Waterleidingplas. (A) An exclosure is visible in the background, marked by 6 poles, with the horizontal upper line of the net just visible across the poles. The exclosure runs from the reed belt on the right into the open water to the left. A tall reed stand is visible inside the exclosure. In front of the exclosure, the adjacent control plot is visible, the two poles on the right mark the shore side of the control plot, from there the plot runs to the left, toward the open water. Sparse and short reed stems are visible in the control plot, which have been grazed in spring and early summer and are now resprouting, 5 August 2008. (B) The same exclosure as in (A), from the same perspective, but now 5 years later on 31 July 2013, after geese have been actively chased away in spring and early summer by the local water board authority. The exclosure is now hardly visible, as the reed in the control plot and surrounding area has grown tall in the absence of goose grazing.