Skip to main content
. 2018 Nov 16;4(11):e00931. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00931

Table 2.

Definition of improved and unimproved facilities (WHO/UNICEF Joint Water Supply and Sanitation Monitoring Programme, 2017).

Service Improved Unimproved
Drinking water sources Piped water, boreholes or tubewells, protected dug wells, protected springs, rainwater, and packaged or delivered water. Unprotected dug well, unprotected spring, river, dam, lake, pond, stream, canal and irrigation canal
Sanitation facilities Flush/pour flush to piped sewer systems, septic tanks or pit latrines; ventilated improved pit latrines, composting toilets or pit latrines with slabs. Pit latrines without a slab or platform, hanging latrines or bucket latrines and open defecation.