Fig. 2.

Relationship between parenthood and life satisfaction, a women and b men. Note The marker is filled if the difference–difference between life satisfaction in pregnancy or when the child is aged x and life satisfaction before pregnancy—is significant (p < 0.1) and empty otherwise. Pregnancy refers to the year before birth. Estimates are controlled for age, partnership status, partner’s labour market status, economic resources, experience of long-term health problems, and educational level