Table 4.

Macro-level measurements and contraceptive use on the total sample (n = 29,332)

	No contraceptiona		Traditional contraceptiona
	OR		OR
Intercept	0.773	***	0.290	***
% Female part-time work	1.002		0.992
% Religious	1.011	**	1.010
Ratio of female to male income	0.991	**	0.993	**
% Women in regional politics	0.992	*	0.983	**
Variance
Region	0.150	0.033	0.158	0.041
VPCb	0.044		0.046

*** p < 0.001; ** p < 0.01; * p < 0.05

^aControlled for gender, age, age squared, number of children, marital status, wanting children, perceived cost of children, family values, religiosity, educational level, employment status, income level, and residence

^bVariance at regional level = (σ ² _region)/(σ ² _region + π ²/3)