Table 2.

Effects of physical training on quality of life, aerobic capacity, and cardiac function in older patients with HF patients considering different moderating variables.

Independent variables	SMD	SE	95% CI	p	I2 (%)	df	Q value and (p) between groups
QUALITY OF LIFE
Gender							1.05 (0.592)
Males	−0.55	0.38	−1.29 to 0.19	0.148	52.92	1
Females	−1.33	0.45	−2.01 to−0.24	0.013	0.0	0
Combined	−0.69	0.17	−1.02 to −0.36	<0.001	92.12**	30
Training mode
aerobic	−1.04	0.32	−1.67 to−0.41	0.001	94.44**	17	4.20 (0.123)
Resistance	−0.17	0.32	−0.80 to 0.47	0.610	62.53	1
Combined	−0.42	0.15	−0.71 to −0.13	0.005	82.48**	13
AEROBIC CAPACITY
Gender
Females	0.04	0.42	−0.78 to 0.87	0.922	0.0	0	0.88 (0.349)
Combined	0.46	0.15	0.17 to 0.75	0.002	73.34**	9
Training mode
Aerobic	0.51	0.11	0.30 to 0.72	<0.001	0.00	5	15.54 (< 0.001)
Resistance	1.71	0.34	1.03 to 2.39	<0.001	0.00	0
Combined	0.15	0.20	−0.24 to 0.53	0.458	69.12*	3
CARDIAC FUNCTION
Training mode
Aerobic	1.17	0.37	0.45 to 1.89	0.001	92.16**	9	2.49 (0.115)
Combined	0.31	0.41	−0.49 to 1.10	0.450	84.71**	2

SMD, standardized mean difference; SE, standard error; CI, confidence interval; p, significance value; I², heterogeneity index; df, degrees of freedom. Bold values indicate statistically significant values.

^*p < 0.05;

^**p < 0.01.