Table 2. Association of demographic data and interleukin polymorphism with GERD status.
| Variables | Total GERD (%) | Total Non-GERD (%) | Crude OR | OR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 28 (63.6) | 16 (36.4) | 2.00 | 0.902–4.436 | 0.088 |
| Female | 28 (46.7) | 32 (53.3) | 1.00 | ||
| Age | |||||
| <30 | 10 (66.7) | 5 (33.3) | 2.57 | 0.714–9.255 | 0.148 |
| 31–40 | 10 (50.0) | 10 (50.0) | 1.29 | 0.419–3.944 | 0.660 |
| 41–50 | 12 (57.1) | 9 (42.9) | 1.71 | 0.564–5.208 | 0.342 |
| >60 | 10 (62.5) | 6 (37.5) | 2.14 | 0.627–7.329 | 0.224 |
| 51–60 | 14 (43.8) | 18 (56.3) | 1.00 | ||
| BMI | |||||
| <18.5 | 5 (38.5) | 8 (61.5) | 1.00 | ||
| 18.5–24.9 | 31 (51.7) | 29 (48.3) | 1.71 | 0.502–5.832 | 0.391 |
| 25–29.9 | 13 (61.9) | 8 (38.1) | 2.60 | 0.627–10.786 | 0.188 |
| >30 | 7 (70.0) | 3 (30.0) | 3.73 | 0.646–21.577 | 0.141 |
| Economic | |||||
| < Rp1,5M | 6 (28.6) | 15 (71.4) | 1.00 | ||
| Rp 1.5M–Rp 5M | 29 (58.0) | 21 (42.0) | 3.08 | 1.018–9.289 | 0.046* |
| > Rp 5M | 21 (63.6) | 12 (36.4) | 4.08 | 1.241–13.431 | 0.021* |
| Smoking | |||||
| Yes | 19 (76.0) | 6 (24.0) | 3.60 | 1.298–9.955 | 0.014* |
| No | 37 (46.8) | 42 (53.2) | 1.00 | ||
| Alcohol | |||||
| Yes | 6 (85.7) | 1 (14.3) | 5.64 | 0.654–48.619 | 0.115 |
| No | 50 (51.6) | 47 (48.5) | 1.00 | ||
| Diabetes | |||||
| Yes | 6 (75.0) | 2 (25.0) | 2.76 | 0.530–14.366 | 0.228 |
| No | 50 (52.1) | 46 (47.9) | 1.00 | ||
| Hypertension | |||||
| Yes | 14 (60.9) | 9 (39.1) | 1.44 | 0.562–3.713 | 0.445 |
| No | 42 (51.9) | 39 (48.2) | 1.00 | ||
| Ethnicity | |||||
| Java | 38 (57.6) | 28 (42.4) | 1.81 | 0.740–4.422 | 0.193 |
| Other | 4 (66.7) | 2 (33.3) | 2.67 | 0.417–17.046 | 0.300 |
| Dayak | 2 (50.0) | 2 (50.0) | 1.33 | 0.164–10.867 | 0.788 |
| Chinese | 12 (42.9) | 16 (57.1) | 1.00 | ||
| Religion | |||||
| Islam | 43 (60.6) | 28 (39.4) | 4.61 | 0.868–24.464 | 0.073 |
| Christian | 11 (55.0) | 9 (45.0) | 3.67 | 0.590–22.783 | 0.163 |
| Catholic | 2 (25.0) | 6 (75.0) | 1.00 | ||
| Other | 0 (0.0) | 5 (100) | |||
| Marital Status | |||||
| Married | 48 (54.6) | 40 (45.5) | 1.20 | 0.413–3.485 | 0.737 |
| Not married | 8 (50.0) | 8 (50.0) | 1.00 | ||
| Toilet | |||||
| Toilet | 55 (53.4) | 48 (46.6) | |||
| Non-toilet | 1 (100) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| PPI | |||||
| Yes | 41 (62.1) | 25 (37.9) | 2.52 | 1.109–5.703 | 0.027* |
| No | 15 (39.5) | 23 (60.5) | 1.00 | ||
| Antibiotic | |||||
| Yes | 11 (55.0) | 9 (45.0) | 1.60 | 0.398–2.822 | 0.908 |
| No | 45 (53.6) | 39 (46.4) | 1.00 | ||
| NSAID | |||||
| Yes | 15 (62.5) | 9 (37.5) | 1.59 | 0.622–4.040 | 0.334 |
| No | 41 (51.3) | 39 (48.8) | 1.00 | ||
| Sambal Intake | |||||
| Yes | 28 (56.0) | 22 (44.0) | 1.18 | 0.546–2.559 | 0.672 |
| No | 28 (51.9) | 26 (48.2) | 1.00 | ||
| H. pylori infection | |||||
| Positive | 2 (100) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Negative | 54 (52.9) | 48 (47.1) | |||
| Antrum Atrophy | |||||
| Yes | 11 (84.6) | 2 (15.4) | 0.18 | 0.037–0.848 | 0.030* |
| No | 45 (49.5) | 46 (50.6) | 1.00 | ||
| Corpus Atrophy | |||||
| Yes | 1 (50.0) | 1 (50.0) | 1.17 | 0.071–19.225 | 0.912 |
| No | 55 (53.9) | 47 (46.1) | 1.00 | ||
| OLGA Score | |||||
| Normal | 44 (49.4) | 45 (50.6) | 1.00 | ||
| Stage 1 | 12 (80.0) | 3 (20.0) | 4.09 | 1.080–15.493 | 0.038* |
| Stage 2 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Stage 3 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Stage 4 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| IL-1β Polymorphism | |||||
| TT | 21 (48.8) | 22 (51.2) | 1.00 | ||
| CC | 14 (56.0) | 11 (44.0) | 1.33 | 0.495–3.590 | 0.569 |
| CT | 21 (58.3) | 15 (41.7) | 1.47 | 0.601–3.580 | 0.400 |
| T Carrier IL-1β | |||||
| T carrier | 32 (46.4) | 37 (53.6) | 1.00 | ||
| CC | 24 (68.6) | 11 (31.4) | 1.12 | 0.454–2.771 | 0.804 |
| C Carrier IL-1β | |||||
| TT | 21 (48.8) | 22 (51.2) | 1.00 | ||
| C carrier | 35 (57.4) | 26 (42.6) | 1.41 | 0.644–3.090 | 0.390 |
| IL-8 Polymorphism | |||||
| TT | 18 (48.7) | 19 (51.4) | 1.35 | 0.424–4.323 | 0.610 |
| AT | 31 (62.0) | 19 (28.0) | 2.33 | 0.759–7.158 | 0.139 |
| AA | 7 (41.2) | 10 (58.8) | 1.00 | ||
| T Carrier IL-8 | |||||
| T carrier | 49 (60.5) | 38 (39.5) | 1.84 | 0.642–5.289 | 0.256 |
| AA | 7 (41.2) | 10 (58.8) | 1.00 | ||
| A Carrier IL-8 | |||||
| TT | 18 (48.7) | 19 (51.4) | 1.00 | ||
| A carrier | 38 (56.7) | 29 (43.3) | 1.38 | 0.618–3.096 | 0.430 |
*Statistically significant when P < 0.05.