Table 4. Association of depressive symptoms and suicidal behaviours with smoking patterns (KYRBS, 2016, Korean adolescents aged 12–18 years).
| Early adolescents (n = 30,456) | Late adolescents (n = 29,573) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never smokers (n = 29,629) |
Daily smokers (n = 227) |
Non-daily smokers (n = 600) |
Never smokers (n = 26,388) |
Daily smokers (n = 1,676) |
Non-daily smokers (n = 1,509) |
|
| Depressive Symptoms† | ||||||
| No, N | 23,252 | 136 | 352 | 19,520 | 1,043 | 922 |
| Yes, N | 6,377 | 91 | 248 | 6,868 | 633 | 587 |
| ORa (95% CI) | 1.0 (ref) | 0.90 (0.66–1.25) | 1.33 (1.09–1.61) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.17 (1.02–1.34) | 1.26 (1.11–1.43) |
| ORb (95% CI) | - | 1.0 (ref) | 1.55 (1.06–2.28) | - | 1.0 (ref) | 1.01 (0.85–1.19) |
| Suicide Ideation | ||||||
| No, N | 26,325 | 169 | 441 | 23,453 | 1,386 | 1,219 |
| Yes, N | 3,304 | 58 | 159 | 2,935 | 290 | 290 |
| ORa (95% CI) | 1.0(ref) | 0.95 (0.66–1.37) | 1.41 (1.13–1.76) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.16 (0.97–1.38) | 1.28 (1.09–1.50) |
| ORb (95% CI) | - | 1.0 (ref) | 1.52 (0.98–2.35) | - | 1.0 (ref) | 1.02 (0.82–1.27) |
| Suicide Plan | ||||||
| No, N | 28,484 | 193 | 526 | 25,562 | 1,532 | 1,380 |
| Yes, N | 1,145 | 34 | 74 | 826 | 144 | 129 |
| ORa (95% CI) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.20 (0.76–1.91) | 1.43 (1.05–1.94) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.54 (1.19–1.99) | 1.43 (1.12–1.82) |
| ORb (95% CI) | - | 1.0 (ref) | 1.25 (0.73–2.15) | - | 1.0 (ref) | 0.87 (0.64–1.19) |
| Suicide Attempt | ||||||
| No, N | 28,953 | 206 | 551 | 25,979 | 1,558 | 1,422 |
| Yes, N | 646 | 21 | 49 | 409 | 118 | 87 |
| ORa (95% CI) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.01 (0.57–1.79) | 1.44 (0.99–2.10) | 1.0 (ref) | 1.94 (1.43–2.64) | 1.39 (1.03–1.88) |
| ORb (95% CI) | - | 1.0 (ref) | 1.89 (0.96–3.72) | - | 1.0 (ref) | 0.65 (0.45–0.93) |
†Among various symptoms of depression, this includes feelings of sadness or hopelessness hampering daily activities for over 2 weeks.
aAdjusted for sex, residence, family economic status, paternal education, maternal education, academic achievement, sleep satisfaction, current alcohol drinking, experience of violence, second-hand smoking in family and friends’ smoking status
bAdjusted for sex, residence, family economic status, paternal education, maternal education, academic achievement, sleep satisfaction, current alcohol drinking, experience of violence, second-hand smoking in family and friends’ smoking status, first experience of smoking, smoking volumes and trying to quit smoking during the past 12 months