Figure 7.

Effect of ES4 on ARF1-GFP Localization and the sec7 Yeast Deletion Mutant.

(A) to (G) Intracellular localization of ARF1^WT-EYFP and ARF1^Q71L-EYFP in 5-d-old seedlings after 2 h treatment with mock, 17 µM, or 41 µM ES4. Values represent means ± se of aggregation number in epidermal cells of 8 to 11 analyzed roots per treatment (G). Asterisks indicate significant difference between mock and ES4 treatment (two-tailed Student’s t test, *P < 0.05 and ***P < 0.001). Bars = 10 µm.

(H) and (I) Growth curves of wild-type (H) and sec7/SEC7 (I) heterozygous deletion strains of yeasts grown in YPD liquid medium at 28°C under mock and 17 µM ES4 treatment. OD₆₀₀ was measured every 2 h. Values represent means ± se of three independent experiments, each consisting of three technical replicates. Asterisks indicate significant difference between mock and ES4 treatment (two-tailed Student’s t test, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001).