Figure 12.

A TuMV tug-of-war Model Bypassing the Golgi during Infection

Early during infection, vRNA is translated on ER-bound ribosomes (I) and the synthesized viral proteins, along with co-opted host proteins, are used to make proto VRCs (II). VRCs exit the ER in a COPII-dependent manner as replication vesicles (III) and face two possible fates: entering the conventional secretory dead-end pathway by going through the Golgi apparatus (IV) or bypassing it and taking an alternative non conventional pathway for reaching PVC/MVB that involves VTI11.