Table 3.
Individual attributes found in combinations associated with high utilization
| Size of low-cost comparison group: | 5% | 10% | 15% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of contrasting combinations: | 5178 | 5180 | 5188 | 5179 | 5179 | 5179 | 5179 |
| Age=25to44 | X | X | - | - | - | - | - |
| Age=45to64 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Age=65to84 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Race/ethnicity=White/non-Hispanic | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Female | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Male | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Obesity | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Taking Rx as prescribed | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Taking Rx not as prescribed | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Medicaid | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Prior High Cost | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| ICD9=250 (Diabetes mellitus) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| ICD9=272.4 (Hyperlipidemia) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| ICD9=311 (Depressive disorder) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| ICD9=401.1 (Benign essential hypertension) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| ICD9=401.9 (Unspecified essential hyper tension) | -X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| ICD9=414 (Ischemic heart disease) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| ICD9=715 (Osteoarthrosis) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Adrenergic bronchodilators | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Alternative medicines | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Analgesics | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor | sX | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Antiarrhythmic agents | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Anticonvulsants | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Antidepressants | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Antidiabetic agents | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Antiemetic antivertigo agents | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Antihistamines | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Antihyperlipidemic agents | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Anti-infectives | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Antiplatelet agents | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Antipsychotics | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Benzodiazepine anticonvulsants | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Benzodiazepines | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Beta-adrenergic blocking agents | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Bronchodilators | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Calcium channel blocking agents | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Cardioselective beta blockers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Cardiovascular agents | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Dermatological agents | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Diuretics | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid analogs | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Gastrointestinal agents | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| HMG CoA reductase inhibitors | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Hormones/hormone modifiers | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Iron products | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Laxatives | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Minerals and electrolytes | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Miscellaneous analgesics | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Miscellaneous anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Muscle relaxants | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Narcotic/analgesic combinations | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Narcotic analgesics | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Nutraceutical products | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Nutritional products | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Platelet aggregation inhibitors | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Proton pump inhibitors | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Quinolones | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Respiratory agents | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Salicylates | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Skeletal muscle relaxants | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| SSRI antidepressants | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Thiazide and thiazide like diuretics | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Vitamin and mineral combinations | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| Vitamins | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |