TABLE 1.

Categories for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Cardio-Oncology

Anatomy	Function	Tissue Characterization
• Dark-blood T1-weighted imaging • Dark-blood T2-weighted imaging • Single- and multiphase white-blood SSFP  imaging in long-axis chamber views, short-axis  (for left ventricle), and axial (for right ventricle)  orientations to define endocardial border • Fat/water separation imaging to identify  pericardium and distinguish from  surrounding fat	• Cine white-blood SSFP imaging in short-axis view  (left ventricle) or axial orientation (right ventricle)  for assessment of wall motion abnormalities and  calculation of end-diastolic volume, end-systolic  volume, stroke volume, ejection fraction, and mass • Real-time cine white-blood imaging to evaluate  function and identify ventricular independence and  septal shift in the setting of pericardial constriction • Phase-contrast assessment of valvular regurgitation  or stenosis • Short- and long-axis strain imaging (tagged or  feature-tracking methods)	Noncontrasted • Fat/water separation imaging to identify pericardium  and distinguish from surrounding fat • Native T1 mapping* • T2 mapping* • T2* mapping* Contrasted • Contrast-enhanced T1 mapping for ECV calculation* • Late gadolinium enhancement imaging to assess  ○ Patterns of enhancement in myocardium  ○ Extent of fibrosis or inflammation  ○ Pericardial tumor invasion  ○ Valve mass (with and without prolonged inver-   sion time)

Imaging sequences are categorized into use for anatomic, functional, and tissue characterization applications.

^*Specialized imaging sequences used less in daily clinical practice that may be available only for research purposes at some centers.

ECV = extracellular volume; SSFP = steady-state free precession.