Table 1. Characterization of GES-5 producing P. aeruginosa isolates, including MIC ranges, MLST, drug-resistant factors and virulent factors.
| MLST | No. of isolatesa |
MIC Range against antibioticsb (mg/L) (% resistance)c |
Carbapenemase- and ESBL- encoding gene(s) |
Aminoglycoside resistance gene(s) |
Mutation in DNA gyrase |
Exotoxin gene(s) |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AMK | AZT | FEP | CAZ | CIP | CST | IMP | MEM | GyrA | ParC | |||||
| ST235 and ST2233 (CC235) |
102 | 4–64 (47%) |
2–64 (25%) |
4–128 (17%) |
4–512 (31%) |
2–64 (99%) |
0.063–0.5 (0%) |
16–64 (100%) |
32–512 (100%) |
blaGES-5 blaPAO blaOXA-488 |
aac(6')-Ib | T83I | S87L |
exoT exoU exoY |
| ST274 | 1 | 128 | 128 | 64 | 128 | 32 | 0.5 | 64 | 64 |
blaGES-5 blaPAO blaOXA-486 |
aac(6')-Ia | T83I | S87L |
exoS exoT exoY |
| ST1342 | 1 | 64 | 64 | 32 | 64 | 32 | 0.5 | 64 | 128 |
blaGES-5 blaPAO blaOXA-396 blaCMY-8 |
aac(6')-Ia | T83I | S87L |
exoS exoT exoY |
aOf 102 isolates belonging to CC235, 99 isolates belonged to ST235 and the remaining 3 did to ST2233.
bAMK: Amikacin, AZT: Aztreonam, FEP: Cefepime, CAZ: Ceftazidime, CIP: Ciprofloxacin, CST: Colistin, IMP: Imipenem, MEM: Meropenem.
cBreakpoints for resistance (mg/L): AMK; ≥32, AZT; ≥32, FEP; ≥32, CAZ; ≥32, CIP; ≥4, CST; ≥8, IMP; ≥8, and MEM; ≥8.