TABLE II.

Cohort Summary Characteristics

	All	Surgery	Physical Therapy	Watchful Waiting	P Value
No. of patients	32,203 (100%)	6,388 (19.8%)	13,311 (41.3%)	12,504 (38.8%)
Treatment group (no. of patients)					<0.001
Surgery	6,388 (19.8%)	6,388 (100.0%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Physical therapy	13,311 (41.3%)	0 (0.0%)	13,311 (100.0%)	0 (0.0%)
Watchful waiting	12,504 (38.8%)	0 (0.0%)	0 (0.0%)	12,504 (100.0%)
Age* (yr)	73.97 ± 5.80	72.52 ± 4.86	74.26 ± 5.82	74.39 ± 6.09	<0.001
Charlson comorbidity index*	1.59 ± 1.97	1.29 ± 1.65	1.58 ± 1.95	1.75 ± 2.11	<0.001
Frailty index*	0.55 ± 0.81	0.45 ± 0.72	0.57 ± 0.81	0.59 ± 0.84	<0.001
Cane (no. of patients)	168 (0.5%)	18 (0.3%)	74 (0.6%)	76 (0.6%)	0.014
Walker (no. of patients)	857 (2.7%)	123 (1.9%)	375 (2.8%)	359 (2.9%)	<0.001
Wheelchair (no. of patients)	284 (0.9%)	29 (0.5%)	102 (0.8%)	153 (1.2%)	<0.001
Prior physical therapy days*	1.16 ± 4.50	0.69 ± 3.05	1.73 ± 5.67	0.79 ± 3.57	<0.001
Pre-365 Medicare reimbursements* ($)	7,601 ± 14,132	5,675 ± 9,495	7,977 ± 15,004	8,185 ± 15,043	<0.001
Male (no. of patients)	16,175 (50.2%)	3,657 (57.2%)	6,136 (46.1%)	6,382 (51.0%)	<0.001
Race (no. of patients)					<0.001
White	29,644 (92.1%)	6,018 (94.2%)	12,338 (92.7%)	11,288 (90.3%)
Black	1,389 (4.3%)	213 (3.3%)	500 (3.8%)	676 (5.4%)
Hispanic	401 (1.2%)	40 (0.6%)	143 (1.1%)	218 (1.7%)
Asian	264 (0.8%)	25 (0.4%)	126 (0.9%)	113 (0.9%)
Other	505 (1.6%)	92 (1.4%)	204 (1.5%)	209 (1.7%)
Medicaid dual-eligible (no. of patients)	2,204 (6.8%)	266 (4.2%)	719 (5.4%)	1,219 (9.7%)	<0.001

^*The values are given as the mean and the standard deviation.