Table 1. General characteristics of study participants (n = 121).
| Healthy subjects (n = 54) | PD patients (n = 67) |
Pa | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IR) | 62 (60–67) | 70 (64.5–77.5) | <0.001 |
| Gender, n (%) | 0.006 | ||
| Women | 37 (68.5) | 29 (43.3) | |
| Men | 17 (31.5) | 38 (56.7) | |
| Level of education, n (%) | 0.069 | ||
| Primary studies or less | 23 (42.6) | 40 (59.7) | |
| Secondary studies or more | 31 (57.4) | 27 (40.3) | |
| Duration of PD symptoms, median (IR) | - | 5 (2–7) | - |
| MMSE, median (IR) | 28.5 (27.25–29) | 26 (23–28.5) | <0.001 |
| TMT | |||
| TMT-A, median (IR) | 43.9 (37.3–54.5) | 72.2 (57–127.3) | <0.001 |
| TMT-B, median (IR) | 93.6 (73.3–123.1) | 179.9 (111.5–300) | <0.001 |
| RBT | |||
| Item 12, median (IR) | 26.5 (22.25–32) | 21 (15–29) | 0.002 |
| Item 23 right hand, median (IR) | 7 (7–8) | 5 (4–7) | <0.001 |
| Item 23 left hand, median (IR) | 6 (6–7) | 4 (2–6) | <0.001 |
| Item 39, median (IR) | 8 (7–9) | 6 (3.5–8) | <0.001 |
| EXIT-25 | |||
| Interference task, median (IR) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.424 |
| Go/no-go task, median (IR) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–1) | 0.074 |
| Prehension task, median (IR) | 1 (0–2) | 2 (0–2) | 0.235 |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; MMSE, Mini Mental State Examination; TMT, Trait Making Test; RBT, Revised-Barcelona Test; EXIT-25, Executive Interview; IR, interquartile range.
aP value from the Mann-Whitney U test (non-parametric continuous variables) and Fisher’s test (dichotomous categorical variables).