Table 1:
Patient characteristics
| COPD | HFpEF | HFrEF | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 22 | 21 | 20 | |
| Age (years) | 58 ± 8 | 63 ± 9 | 58 ± 7 | 0.07 |
| Sex (men/women) | 16/6† | 7/14 | 17/3† | <0.01 |
| Height (cm) | 170 ± 8 | 168 ± 10 | 173 ± 8 | 0.13 |
| Weight (kg) | 91 ± 25 | 101 ± 20 | 86 ± 14 | 0.07 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 31 ± 8 | 36 ± 7‡ | 29 ± 4 | <0.01 |
| Body surface area (m2) | 2.1 ± 0.3 | 2.2 ± 0.3 | 2.0 ± 0.2 | 0.25 |
| FEV1 (% predicted) | 52 ± 14 | 75 ± 18* | 80 ± 17* | <0.01 |
| FVC (% predicted) | 79 ± 14 | 80 ± 15 | 81 ± 16 | 0.89 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 53 ± 14 | 74 ± 7* | 77 ± 5* | <0.01 |
| LV ejection fraction (%) | 63 ± 6‡ | 22 ± 7 | <0.01 | |
| GOLD stage, n (%) | ||||
| 1 | 1 (5) | |||
| 2 | 12 (55) | |||
| 3 | 8 (36) | |||
| 4 | 1 (5) | |||
| NYHA class, n (%) | ||||
| II | 6 (29) | 11 (55) | 0.09 | |
| III | 14 (67) | 9 (45) | 0.17 | |
| IV | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 0.34 | |
| Weber-Janicki class [peak VO2], n (%) | ||||
| C, 10–16 mL/kg/min | 3 (14) | 6 (30) | 0.24 | |
| D, <10 mL/kg/min | 18 (86)* | 14 (70)* | 0.24 | |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.2 ± 1.5‡ | 13.7 ± 1.7 | <0.01 | |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.24 ± 0.29 | 1.46 ± 0.44 | 0.07 | |
| eGFR (mL/min per 1.73 m2) | 48 ± 17 | 52 ± 14 | 0.58 | |
| Drug Therapy, n (%) | ||||
| Steroid | 13 (59) | 0 (0)* | 0 (0)* | <0.01 |
| Bronchodilator | 15 (68) | 0 (0)* | 0 (0)* | <0.01 |
| ACE I or ARB | 6 (27) | 14 (67)* | 14 (70)* | <0.01 |
| Antiarrhythmic | 0 (0) | 4 (19) | 9 (45)* | <0.01 |
| β-blocker | 4 (18) | 16 (76)* | 17 (85)* | <0.01 |
| Ca2+ channel blocker | 1 (5) | 6 (29) | 0 (0) | <0.01 |
| Digoxin | 0 (0) | 2 (10)‡ | 12 (60)* | <0.01 |
| Nitrate (oral, SL, or topical) | 0 (0) | 7 (33) | 6 (30) | 0.01 |
| Aspirin | 5 (23) | 15 (71)* | 15 (75)* | <0.01 |
| Diuretics | 5 (23) | 9 (43)‡ | 18 (90)* | <0.01 |
| Echocardiography | ||||
| LA volume (mL) | 76 ± 27‡ | 114 ± 42 | <0.01 | |
| LA volume index (mL/m2) | 37 ± 13‡ | 56 ± 21 | <0.01 | |
| Mitral E-wave VEL (cm/s) | 95.4 ± 24.6 | 88.9 ± 37.7 | 0.53 | |
| Mitral A-wave VEL (cm/s) | 74.7 ± 19.7 | 71.3 ± 37.6 | 0.75 | |
| Mitral E/A ratio | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 1.5 ± 1.0 | 0.67 | |
| Mitral septal tissue Doppler VEL (e’) (cm/s) | 6.7 ± 2.1‡ | 4.3 ± 1.1 | <0.01 | |
| Mitral E/e’ ratio | 15.9 ± 8.0‡ | 22.5 ± 10.8 | 0.04 | |
| IV septum thickness (mm) | 10.3 ± 1.2 | 9.5 ± 1.3 | 0.06 | |
| Posterior wall thickness (mm) | 9.9 ± 1.7 | 9.9 ± 1.3 | 0.99 |
Mean±SD.
*
, significantly different from COPD
†
, significantly different from HFpEF
‡
, significantly different from HFrEF. FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC are from 12 of 21 HFpEF patients.