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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pain Symptom Manage. 2018 Jul 17;56(4):530–540.e6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.07.005

Table 1.

Demographics: 537 Enrolled Patients

Characteristic Valid n Statistica
 Race/Ethnicity 537
  White non-Hispanic 425 (79.1)
  Minority 112 (20.9)
   White Hispanic 6 ( 1.1)
   Black 62 (11.5)
   Asian 15 ( 2.8)
   Pacific Islander 5 ( 0.9)
   Native American 3 ( 0.6)
   Mixed 21 ( 4.0)
 Female 537 256 (47.7)
 Age, mean (SD) 537 73.4 (12.7)
 Level of education 536
  8th grade or less 13 ( 2.4)
  Some high school 32 ( 6.0)
  High school diploma or equivalent 73 (13.6)
  Trade school or some college 220 (41.0)
  4-year college degree 92 (17.2)
  Some graduate school 24 ( 4.5)
  Graduate degree 82 (15.3)
 Average annual pre-tax income 500
  None 3 ( 0.6)
  $6,000 or less 7 ( 1.4)
  $12,000 or less 60 (12.0)
  $18,000 or less 56 (11.2)
  $24,000 or less 54 (10.8)
  $36,000 or less 74 (14.8)
  $48,000 or less 67 (13.4)
  More than $48,000 179 (35.8)
 Qualifying diagnoses 537
  Advanced cancer 97 (18.1)
  Chronic lung disease 52 ( 9.7)
  Heart failure 34 ( 6.3)
  Liver failure 3 ( 0.6)
  Renal failure 22 ( 4.1)
 Other qualifying conditions
  Age 75–89 w/chronic condition 207 (38.5)
  Age 90+ 36 ( 6.7)
  Hospitalization 91 (16.9)
  Charlson score 6+ 442 (82.3)
a

Unless indicated otherwise, the statistics shown are the number and percentage of valid responses.