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. 2018 Nov 19;8:17033. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35324-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Volume rendered images of a coffee berry bored-infested coffee berry (berry 1). Meso-sagittal section at the broadest plane, perpendicular to the locule wall, showing the two seeds and different components of the berry (a), and the various developmental stages of the insect (c). Note than only one of the two seeds is being used by the insects (a,c). Insects have been digitally removed to show details of the insect galleries and pupal cells (a,b) as well as the entrance hole bored by the colonizing female (b). Berry and seed components have been digitally removed to reveal the specific location of the different development stages of the insects (d). Abbreviations: di = disc (style remnant); ed = endocarp (parchment); eh = entrance hole; em = coffee embryo; en = endosperm (coffee seed); ep = epicarp (outer skin); lw = locule wall (ovary); pc = pupal cell; pe = pedicel; sp = spermoderm (silverskin).