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. 2018 Nov 19;8:17033. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-35324-4

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Volume rendered images of a coffee berry bored-infested berry (berry 1). Oblique-lateral and oblique-apical section views (a,e), as shown in (b). The insects have been digitally removed to show details of the seed, galleries, and pupal cells (a,d). Detail of the latero-basal surface of the coffee berry showing an incomplete hole and the entrance hole bored by the colonizing female, whose posterior can be seen inside the gallery (c). Developmental stages of the insect (eggs, larvae, pupae, and adult colonizing female) in different colors (e,f). The coffee seed and components of the berry have been made transparent to show the galleries and the specific location of the different developmental stages of the insect (f). Abbreviations: di = disc (style remnant); ed = endocarp (parchment); eh = entrance (penetration hole); ep = epicarp (outer skin); ih = incomplete hole; me = mesocarp (mucilage); pc = pupal cell; pe = pedicel; sp = spermoderm (silverskin).