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. 2018 Nov 19;8:16973. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34659-2

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Reduced sub-endothelial lipid accumulation despite increased inflammation in Vim^−/− mice with atherosclerosis induced by injection with AAV8 virus containing PCSK9 gain of function mutant followed by 12 weeks of Western atherogenic diet. (A) Representative images of Oil Red O staining (in red) of the aortic root. Elastin layer is shown in green. Scale-bar represents 200 μm. (B) Quantification of lipid accumulation (Oil Red O) in the aortic root. (C) Quantification of plaque area in the aortic root. (D) Representative images of CD68 macrophage (red), CD36 staining (green) and CD36 on macrophages (CD68/CD36 merge) in the aortic root. Scale-bar represents 200 µm. (E) Quantification of CD68 positive macrophages in the aortic root. (F) Quantification of CD36 on CD68 positive macrophages in the aortic root. (G) Plasma proinflammatory cytokine profile of Vim^−/− and wild-type (Vim^+/+) mice. Results are shown as mean ± SD, n = 6 (Vim^+/+) and n = 8 (Vim^−/−). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.