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. 2018 Nov 19;8:17010. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34718-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Influence of hydrostatic pressure (HP) stimulation on gene expression of extracellular matrix proteins. The cartilage differentiation index, a ratio of collagen type II to collagen type I (Col2/Col1), was significantly downregulated on day 21 for HP-stimulated compared to static cultured pellets but showed no difference on day 42. Collagen type II of both stimulated groups was expressed at levels equal to the control group on day 21 as well as on day 42. Expression of collagen type I, aggrecan and collagen type X was significantly upregulated in HP-stimulated groups on day 21 but was equally expressed on day 42 for all groups. Data from 3 individual donors, 5 replicates per donor; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.