Table 1.
Demographic characteristics of the participants.
| ASD | n = 16 | TD | n = 20 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Age (years) | 11.1 | 2.0 | 10.5 | 2.5 | 0.401 |
| FSIQa | 107.8 | 12.1 | 110.0 | 10.4 | 0.561 |
| VIQa | 111.2 | 14.6 | 114.2 | 12.6 | 0.510 |
| PIQa | 103.7 | 13.5 | 103.0 | 11.3 | 0.859 |
| ADOS-G subscalesb | |||||
| Communication | 3.6 | 1.1 | |||
| Reciprocal social interaction | 7.3 | 2.2 | |||
| Stereotyped behaviors and | 0.7 | 0.9 | |||
| restricted interests | |||||
| Total | 10.8 | 2.7 | |||
| PARSc | 19.0 | ||||
| ASQ-J | 4.0 | 4.1 | |||
| Head motion (mean FD) | 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.11 | 0.04 | 0.140 |
| Valid scan images | 131.9 | 10.6 | 136.5 | 5.4 | 0.962 |
ASD, autism spectrum disorder; TD, typically developing controls; FSIQ, full-scale intelligence quotient; VIQ, verbal intelligence quotient; PIQ, performance intelligence quotient; ADOS-G, Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule – Generic; PARS, Pervasive Developmental Disorders Autism Society of Japan Rating Scale (cutoff ≥9); ASQ-J, Japanese version of the Autism Screening Questionnaire (cutoff ≥13); FD, framewise displacement; SD, standard deviation.
aScores for the mental processing composite, sequential processing scale, and simultaneous processing scale of the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children were entered as the FSIQ, VIQ, and PIQ, respectively, for one participant with ASD.
bData from ADOS-G were available for 15 participants with ASD.
cData from PARS were available for one participant with ASD.