Table 1.
Participant characteristics, expressed as n (%) unless otherwise specified.
| Not depressed in adulthood (n = 3,003) | Depressed in adulthood (n = 693) | Total (n = 3,696) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | |||
| Baseline | 15.9 (1.7) | 15.9 (1.8) | 15.9 (1.7) |
| Follow-up | 28.9 (1.7) | 28.9 (1.8) | 28.9 (1.7) |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Caucasian | 2189 (72.9) | 436 (62.9) | 2625 (71.0) |
| African American | 591 (19.7) | 193 (27.9)* | 784 (21.2) |
| Native American | 34 (1.1) | Supressed | Supressed |
| Asian/pacific islander | 85 (2.8) | Supressed | Supressed |
| Other | 104 (3.5) | 38 (5.5) | 142 (3.8) |
| Household income during adolescence m SD (‘000s) | 50.8 (57.0) | 40.2 (45.6)* | 48.8 (55.2) |
| Smokers | 565 (18.7) | 150 (21.7) | 712 (19.3) |
| Physical activitya | |||
| Not at all | 508 (16.9) | 108 (15.6) | 616 (16.7) |
| 1 or 2 times | 942 (31.4) | 212 (30.6) | 1,154 (31.2) |
| 3 or 4 times | 761 (25.3) | 177 (25.5) | 938 (25.4) |
| 5 or more times | 792 (26.4) | 196 (28.3) | 988 (26.7) |
| Overweight/obese in adulthood | 2,013 (67.0) | 469 (67.7) | 2,482 (67.2) |
| Depression during adolescence | 491 (16.4) | 289 (41.7)* | 780 (21.1) |
*
Significant (p < 0.05) difference between groups not depressed in adulthood and depressed in adulthood.
Abbreviations: Standard deviation, SD.
a
Participants were asked the number of times during the past week they did exercise, such as jogging, walking, karate, jumping rope, gymnastics, or dancing.