Lyciumin chemotypes and genotype in Lycium barbarum. (A) L. barbarum fruits. (B) Lyciumin structures from L. barbarum root extracts. Stereochemistry of glycine α-carbon in lyciumin B, C, and D was inferred from lyciumin A structural analysis (31). (C) Candidate precursor peptide LbaLycA of lyciumin A, B, and D chemotypes from L. barbarum root transcriptome. Putative core peptides are bold, and BURP domain is underlined. (D) Detection of lyciumin A, B, and D in peptide extracts of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves after transient expression of LbaLycA via infiltration with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 containing pEAQ-HT-LbaLycA. L. barbarum root, peptide extract of Lycium barbarum roots; LbaLycA (6 d), peptide extract of Nicotiana benthamiana infiltrated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 containing pEAQ-HT-LbaLycA (6 d); pEAQ-HT (6 d), peptide extract of Nicotiana benthamiana infiltrated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 containing pEAQ-HT (6 d).