Figure 1.

Conceptual design of the nanopore–FET using a double-barrel nanopipette. (A) Left barrel is filled with a carbon nanoelectrode fabricated via pyrolytic deposition of carbon. Gold is deposited on the tip of the nanoelectrode using feedback-controlled electrochemical deposition, which acts as the FET gate. The barrel on the right is filled with a buffer/analyte and can act as a conventional nanopore or as a drain–source in a FET configuration. (A, i) Gate (carbon/gold) can be used to detect and manipulate single-molecule translocations across the nanopore (drain−source, DS). (A, ii) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph showing the deposited gold around the nanopore. (B) Gold on the gate could be further functionalized, for example, with a thiolated amine to tune the surface charge for gating control and (C) synchronized detection of single-molecule DNA translocation using the functionalized nanopore–FET.