Table 3.

Comparative analysis between groups on cognitive domain Z scores. There were no statistically significant differences in the cognitive domains tested (memory not included here).

Cognitive domains	Groups	Mean Z score	SD	DF	F statistics	p value
Visual-spatial processing (constructive praxis)	Controls	−0.581	1.269	2.75	1.290	0.281
	SLE with memory deficit	−1.018	1.711
	SLE without memory deficit	−0.410	1.054
Auditory focused attention	Controls	0.302	1.374	2.75	1.457	0.239
	SLE with memory deficit	−0.245	1.196
	SLE without memory deficit	−0.340	1.528
Reasoning and problem solving (cognitive flexibility)	Controls	−0.449	0.610	2.72	2.606	0.081
	SLE with memory deficit	−0.951	0.597
	SLE without memory deficit	−0.507	0.785
Psychomotor speed (processing speed)	Controls	−0.541	1.033	2.73	2.333	0.104
	SLE with memory deficit	−1.752	2.036
	SLE without memory deficit	−1.039	1.765

DF: degrees of freedom; SD: standard deviation; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus.

Statistical analysis used: analysis of variance with post-hoc Bonferroni.