Table 2.

Imaging and clinical characteristics of fourth-ventricular tumors.

	EP (n = 21)	MB (n = 17)	PA (n = 13)	SEP (n = 6)	CPP (n = 4)	ATRT (n = 4)	Mets (n = 3)	HB (n = 3)	p value
Age	22.4 ± 19.6	14.9 ± 13.2	21.1 ± 11.7	50.2 ± 13.3	36.1 ± 11.2	1.8 ± 0.9	61.5 ± 5.3	43.9 ± 25.5	<0.001
Gender (male)	10 (48%)	9 (53%)	6 (46%)	3 (50%)	0 (0%)	2 (50%)	1 (33%)	1 (33%)	0.756
Lesion morphology
Predominantly solid	11 (52%)	11 (65%)	2 (15%)	6 (100%)	4 (100%)	2 (50%)	3 (100%)	1 (33%)	0.005
Mixed solid and cystic	10 (48%)	6 (35%)	7 (54%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (50%)	0 (0%)	1 (33%)	0.157
Cystic with mural nodule	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (15%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (33%)	0.080
Cystic with irregular wall	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (15%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0.240
Foraminal extensiona	17 (81%)	6 (35%)	9 (69%)	4 (67%)	4 (75%)	1 (25%)	0 (0%)	1 (33%)	0.024
Homogenous enhancement	0 (0%)	4 (24%)	1 (8%)	1 (17%)	3 (75%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	2 (67%)	0.001
Origin from ventricle floor	19 (91%)	9 (53%)	10 (77%)	5 (83%)	4 (100%)	2 (50%)	1 (33%)	3 (100%)	0.058
Prominent vessel flow void	3 (14%)	6 (35%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (33%)	0 (0%)	2 (67%)	0.036
Leptomeningeal metastasis	0 (0%)	1 (6%)	1 (8%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (33%)	0 (0%)	0.294
Volume (solid + cystic, ml)	23.4 ± 18.7	30.4 ± 23.2	24.2 ± 22.4	11.9 ± 15.7	13.9 ± 11.2	41.4 ± 37.4	7.7 ± 6.7	4.5 ± 4.4	0.079
Hydrocephalus	16 (76%)	14 (82%)	10 (77%)	0 (0%)	2 (50%)	4 (100%)	1 (33%)	3 (100%)	0.003
T2-hyperintense tumorb	9 (43%)	4 (24%)	10 (77%)	0 (0%)	2 (50%)	0 (0%)	2 (67%)	1 (33%)	0.016

ATRT: atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors; CPP: choroid plexus papilloma; EP: ependymoma; HB: hemangioblastoma; MB: medulloblastoma; Mets: metastasis; PA: pilocytic astrocytoma; SEP: subependymoma. ^aLesion extension through the foramina of Luschka and/or Magendie. ^bSolid component T2-signal higher than gray matter.¹⁰