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. 2018 Nov 13;12:273. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00273

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic timeline of drug treatment and order of behavioral tests in 5xFAD mice and wild-type (WT) control mice and the effects of cx-DHED on learning and memory deficits in 5xFAD mice during behavioral training trials. (A) The 4-months 5xFAD transgenic male mice were tested after 2 months of five times weekly cx-DHED (cx-DD), donepezil (DP), or vehicle (v) injections after 1 week of habituation in the animal room. At the end of the tests, all mice were decapitated, and their brains were collected. (B) The percentage of spontaneous change increased significantly in response to cx-DD and DP compared with that in Tg mice (left panel). No difference in the number of arm entries was detected between the experimental groups (right panel). (C) When mice entered the dark chamber, an electrical foot shock (0.2 mA) was delivered for 2 s. Latency increased significantly in the mice treated with cx-DD and DP compared with that in the untreated Tg mice. (D) The training trial was carried out four times daily for five consecutive days. The treatments with Cx-DD and DP significantly decreased latency in Tg mice. All data were given as means ± standard error of the mean (SEM) (N = 10 mice per group). **P<0.01, ***P<0.001 compared with WT-v mice, #P<0.05, ##P<0.01, ###P<0.001 compared with Tg-v mice by ANOVA. Vehicle-treated wild type mice (WT-v); cx-DHED-treated wild type mice(WT-cx-DD); vehicle-treated 5xFAD Tg mice (Tg-v); cx-DHED-treated 5xFAD Tg mice(Tg-cx-DD); DP-treated 5xFAD Tg mice (Tg-DP).