Table 2.
Association between exposure to toxins during pregnancy and infancy and allergic diseases
| Factor | Absence of allergic diseases, n (%) | Presence of allergic diseases, n (%) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Persons at home using/working with pesticides | |||
| No | 700 (78.8) | 333 (85.8) | 0.003 |
| Yes | 188 (21.2) | 55 (14.2) | |
| Child living in a region with frequent pesticides use | |||
| No | 861 (97) | 352 (90.7) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 27 (3) | 36 (9.3) | |
| Father type of smoking | |||
| None | 517 (58.2) | 205 (52.8) | 0.057 |
| Cigarette alone | 260 (29.3) | 111 (28.6) | |
| Waterpipe alone | 98 (11) | 63 (16.2) | |
| Cigarette and waterpipe | 12 (1.4) | 9 (2.3) | |
| Mother type of smoking | |||
| None | 697 (78.5) | 276 (71.1) | 0.002 |
| Cigarette alone | 112 (12.6) | 51 (13.1) | |
| Waterpipe alone | 71 (8) | 58 (14.9) | |
| Cigarette and waterpipe | 8 (0.9) | 3 (0.8) | |
| Detergent mixing | |||
| No | 770 (86.7) | 317 (81.7) | 0.02 |
| Yes | 118 (13.3) | 71 (18.3) | |
| Drug intake during pregnancy | |||
| No | 816 (91.9) | 315 (81.2) | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 72 (8.1) | 73 (18.8) | |
| Drug intake during breastfeeding | |||
| No | 872 (98.2) | 367 (94.6) | 0.119 |
| Yes | 16 (1.8) | 21 (5.4) | |
| Smoking during pregnancy | |||
| None | 855 (96.3) | 363 (93.6) | 0.091 |
| Cigarette alone | 22 (2.5) | 18 (4.6) | |
| Waterpipe alone | 9 (1) | 7 (1.8) | |
| Alcohol consumption during pregnancy | |||
| No | 874 (98.4) | 374 (96.4) | 0.023 |
| Yes | 14 (1.6) | 14 (3.6) |