Table 1.
Comparisons of CKD patients with or without volume overload at enrollment
| Variable | Normovolemic (OH ≤0 L) (n = 52) | Hypervolemic (OH >0 L) (n = 48) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 64.7±8.5 | 64.4±10.4 | 0.877 |
| Gender, F/M | 41 (78.8)/11 (21.2) | 17 (35.4)/31 (64.6) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 26 (50) | 23 (47.9) | 0.844 |
| Medications | |||
| RASB | 23 (44.2) | 19 (39.6) | 0.638 |
| Diuretics | 48 (92.3) | 39 (81.2) | 0.040 |
| eGFR, mL/min | 42.9±14.7 | 38.7±15.7 | 0.168 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 7.8±2.4 | 7.9±2.1 | 0.735 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 129.7±45.9 | 146.7±79.6 | 0.187 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.7±1.1 | 7.3±1.6 | 0.119 |
| Urine protein level, mg/g | 954.6±2345.2 | 1,339±1,889 | 0.505 |
| LDL, mg/dL | 144.1±42.1 | 130.9±43.5 | 0.173 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 209.7±93.5 | 199.5±97.1 | 0.711 |
| Systolic BP, mm Hg | 130.8±17.3 | 132±13 | 0.752 |
| Diastolic BP, mm Hg | 76.8±7.7 | 79±11.2 | 0.327 |
Data are expressed as means ± SD. OH, overhydration value; F, female; M, male; CKD, chronic kidney disease; RASB, renin-angiotensin system blockers (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers); eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; BP, blood pressure.