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. 2018 Nov 20;8:17071. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34949-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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AGROBEST promotes Agrobacterium cell growth and attachment to Col-0 and efr-1 seedlings. Arabidopsis Col-0 and efr-1 seedlings were infected with A. tumefaciens C58C1(pTiB6S3ΔT)^H (OD₆₀₀ = 0.02) harbouring pBISN1. (a) Number of Agrobacterium cells in the medium or associated with the seedlings (in planta) with different medium used (MS or AGROBEST) and 1–3 days of Agrobacterium infection. Data are mean ± SD from three biological replicates (~10 seedlings per well, three wells). Data were compared by a One-way ANOVA at the P < 0.05 level [F(11,24) = 211.63, P < 0.0001](medium), [F(11,24) = 86.39, P < 0.0001] (in planta). Different letters above the bars indicate statistically different groups. (b) Representative scanning electron microscopy images showing the attached Agrobacterium cells on the cotyledon surface (abaxial) of Col-0 or efr-1 seedlings with AGROBEST or MS medium after 2 days of Agrobacterium infection. An overview (800x magnifications) and a close-up view (3000x magnification) are provided for each condition. Similar results were obtained from at least two independent experiments with multiple seedlings.