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. 2018 Nov 20;8:17071. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-34949-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Stable pH 5.5 enhances transient expression and immune responses in Arabidopsis seedlings. (a) GUS activity and staining of Col-0 and efr-1 seedlings infected with A. tumefaciens C58C1(pTiB6S3ΔT)^H (OD₆₀₀ = 2) harbouring pBISN1 for 1 day in MS medium with or without MES followed by co-culture in fresh MS medium with timentin (100 µg/ml) for another 3 days. Data are mean ± SD GUS activity from three biological replicates (~10 seedlings per well, three wells). Similar results were obtained from three independent experiments. Expression of defence marker genes (FRK1 & NHL10) (b) in Col-0 and efr-1 seedlings with (+Agro) or without (−Agro) infection with A. tumefaciens C58C1(pTiB6S3ΔT)^H (OD₆₀₀ = 2) harbouring pBISN1 for 1 day in MS medium with or without MES and (c) in Col-0 without co-inoculation of A. tumefaciens after 3 days in the medium with or without MES. qRT-PCR data are mean ± SD from three technical replicates. Similar results were obtained from three independent experiments. Significantly different values are denoted (*P < 0.05 by Student’s t test).