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(a) Current–voltage curves and (b) EQE curves of an a-Si:H solar cell with an UC layer compared with the bare cell under AM1.5 solar irradiation through the optical filter. Inset in (a) is a schematic comparison of the two setups. Schematic diagram (c) of the UC and scattering effects of NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ prisms in a PMMA matrix. (d) Haze-ratio spectra of PMMA layers on glass with and without UC prisms. The thickness of the PMMA layer is ca. 4.5 μm.
